Walters Ms. W.102, Book of hours Hours of Jesus Crucified Prayers to the Crucified Christ Lections in the life of St. Catharine, canonical hours in her honor, and miscellaneous prayers Hours of the Virgin Abbreviated Hours Hours of the Holy Spirit Seven Penitential Psalms Litany and collects Fifteen Gradual Psalms Office of the Dead Book of hours Principal cataloger Noel, William Principal cataloger Smith, Kathryn Cataloger Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934 Editor Herbert, Lynley Editor Noel, William Copy editor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Dutschke, Consuelo Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This finely illuminated and iconographically rich book of hours was made in England at the end of the thirteenth century. The manuscript is incomplete and misbound. Its main artist can also be found at work in a Bible (Oxford, Bodleian Library Ms. Auct. D.3.2) and a psalter (Cambridge, Trinity College Cambridge Ms. O.4.16). The manuscript contains a number of unusual texts, including the Hours of Jesus Crucified and the Office of St. Catherine. The patron of the manuscript is not clear; a woman is depicted as praying in many of the initials, but rubrics in the Office of the Dead mention "freres" (brothers). The imagery is inventive, and the Hours of Christ Crucified are graced with images depicting the funeral of Reynard the Fox in its margins. In the absence of a calendar, it is not possible to locate the origin of the manuscript precisely. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.102 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Old (842-ca.1400). 2r - 105v Book of hours The original sequence of the parts of this manuscript cannot be reconstructed with certainty. The Abbreviated Hours were followed by the Hours of the Holy Spirit, the Seven Penitential Psalms, the litany and collects, the Fifteen Gradual Psalms, the Office of the Dead, and the Hours of Jesus Crucified. Whether the Prayers to the Crucified Christ, which were followed by the lections in the life of St. Catharine, came before or after this sequence is an unanswered question. 73v - 84v 2r - 3v Hours of Jesus Crucified Si commence les hures de Iesu crucifie les queles si hume die chescun iur e pense de sa passiun ke il suffri a cheun hure il ne murra mie de male mort Gracias tibi ago domine Iesu Chisti cuius gratia (fol. 73v) Text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 73v-84v, 2r-3v 4r - 12r Prayers to the Crucified Christ Ci commence le preface avant remembre In nomine domini omne genuflectatur celestium 12v - 15v 94r - 105v Lections in the life of St. Catharine, canonical hours in her honor, and miscellaneous prayers De Seint Katerine a vespres les psaumes feriale Ave virginum gemma Katerina flos 87r - 90v 92r - 93v 86r - 86v 16r - 16v 91r - 91v Hours of the Virgin ... letentur celi et exultet terra Incomplete; text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 87r-90v, 92r-93v, 86r-v, 16r-v, 91r-v Use of Rome 17r - 21v Abbreviated Hours Dixit autem Maria ad angelum Incomplete Augustinian Use 21v - 26v 85r - 85v 35r - 35v 41r - 43r Hours of the Holy Spirit Ci commencent les Hures del Seint Espirit Sanctus Spiritus assit nobis gratia Incomplete; text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 21v-26v, 85r-v, 35r-v, 41r-43r 43r - 48v 40r - 40v 27r - 27v Seven Penitential Psalms Ci commencent les Set Psaumes Ne reminiscaris (fol. 43r) Text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 43r-48v, 40r-v, 27r-v 28r - 30v 36r - 38v Litany and collects Kyrieleison Franciscan adaptation of the Roman litany 39r - 39v 31r - 34v 49r - 51r Fifteen Gradual Psalms Ci commencent les Quinze Psaumes Penitenciales Ad dominum cum tribulare clamavi (fol. 39r) Text has been scrambled; correct order as follows: fols. 39r-v, 31r-34v, 49r-51r 51r - 73r Office of the Dead Ci commence le Office pur les Morz Legem [sic] cui omnia vivunt, Venite adoremus Use of Rome

Medium-weight parchment

 Foliation: ii+104+i26.7 18.7 17.0 12.2 Nineteenth-century pen foliation in upper right corners of rectos (followed here); second flyleaf foliated as fol. 1, with foliation consequently ending at fol. 105; twentieth-century foliation in pencil in lower left corners of rectos

Undetermined Occasionally found on versos of the last folios of quires in the bottom right margins Binding too tight to reconstruct the original arrangement of quires

 Written in Gothic bookhand (textura semi-quadrata) Eight historiated initials; minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia Nine historiated initials; numerous minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia One half-page line drawing; one historiated initial; line fillers; marginalia Three historiated initials; numerous minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia Minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia Seven historiated initials; numerous minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia One historiated initial; minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia Minor decorated initials; historiated line fillers; marginalia Minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia Three historiated initials; line fillers; marginalia One half-page line drawing; thirty-two historiated initials; minor decorated initials; line fillers; marginalia Initial "D" with Tree of Jesse Hours of Jesus Crucified: compline Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Initial "V" with Crucifixion Prayers to the Crucified Christ Historiated initial "V," 5 lines Initial "D" with Carrying of the Cross Prayers to the Crucified Christ Historiated initial "D," 5 lines Initial "D" with Crucifixion Prayers to the Crucified Christ Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Initial "D" with Trinity (throne of mercy) Prayers to the Crucified Christ Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Three Marys at the sepulcher Prayers to the Crucified Christ Historiated initial "D," 7 lines Harrowing of hell Prayers to the Crucified Christ Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Joseph and Mary before Christ in the Temple Prayers to the Crucified Christ Historiated initial "D," 6 lines King David before God, pointing to his tongue Prayer (Psalm 38) Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Kneeling woman before Christ-Logos Prayer for the priest before mass Historiated initial "C," 6 lines Learned doctors of Alexandria before Emperor Maxentius Lections in the life of St. Catherine: first lesson Historiated initial "M," 6 lines Woman kneeling in prayer at an altar Hours of the Virgin: sext Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Two tonsured men singing from a book before an altar Hours of the Holy Spirit: matins Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Elephant and castle Litany Line filler

See similar elephant with castle in margins of W.250 on fol. 93r.

 Adam Litany Line filler Head of Christ; St. Stephen playing chess Litany Line filler Romulus and Remus; ape riding a bear Litany Line fillers St. Margaret swallowed by a dragon Litany Line filler Scribal error corrected Fifteen Gradual Psalms Marginalia Woman praying Hours of the Holy Spirit: vespers Historiated initial "D," 3 lines Decapitation of a man Fifteen Gradual Psalms Historiated initial "A," 7 lines Scribal error corrected Fifteen Gradual Psalms Marginalia Woman praying Hours of the Holy Spirit: compline Historiated initial "D," 3 lines Christ with a cleric holding a book Seven Penitential Psalms Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Two monks chanting Office of the Dead: matins Historiated initial "V," 3 lines Funeral service Office of the Dead: matins and lauds Historiated initial "P," 5 lines Two men kneeling in prayer Office of the Dead: vespers Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Sheep ringing bells, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Office of the Dead Marginalia Betrayal; elephant as a pilgrim, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified: matins Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Flagellation; bull blowing a horn, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified: lauds Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Horse playing a flute and drum, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Ass playing a recorder and bell, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Dog playing bagpipes, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Christ Carrying the Cross; ape family, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified: prime Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Brechimer the Stag carrying the back of Renard the Fox's bier, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Tibert the Cat carrying the front of Renard the Fox's bier, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Crucifixion; Chanticleer the Cock swinging a censer, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified: terce Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Ysengrin the Wolf as a bishop, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Cat beating a cymbal, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Goat carrying a crucifix, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Deposition; bear blowing a horn, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified: sext Historiated initial "D," 7 lines; marginalia Ram, with situla, sprinkling holy water with an aspergillum, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Boar digging a grave, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Rabbit tolling church bells, from a marginal cycle of images of the funeral of Renard the Fox Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Entombment; marginal figure in combat Hours of Jesus Crucified: none Historiated initial "D," 6 lines; marginalia Naked marginal figure in combat Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Centaur firing an arrow Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Wrestlers Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Grotesque Hours of Jesus Crucified Marginalia Woman praying Hours of the Holy Spirit: none Historiated initial "D," 3 lines Woman praying Hours of the Virgin: prime Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Woman praying Hours of the Virgin: terce Historiated initial "D," 4 lines Martyrdom of St. Lawrence Miscellaneous prayers Half-page line drawing

Early twentieth-century worn red velvet over pasteboard

 Ca. 1300 CE England Created in England, ca. 1300, for an unknown patron Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased ca. 1930 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, no. 169, p. 784. Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949, p. 56, no. 153. Brieger, Peter H. English Art 1216-1307. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957, p. 222. Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book. London: Philosophical Library, 1957, p. 273. McCulloch, Florence. "The Funeral of Renart the Fox in a Walters Book of Hours." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 25-26 (1962-1963): 8-27. Randall, L. M. C. "Humor and Fantasy in the Margins of an English Book of Hours." Apollo 58 (1966): 482-488. Sandler, Lucy Freeman, and J. J. G. Alexander. A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles. Gothic Manuscripts 1285-1385. Vol. 5. London: Harvey Miller, 1986, pp. 24-26, no. 15. Alexander, J. J. G., and Paul Binski, eds. Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England 1200-1400. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1987, pp. 356-357, no. 359. Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. New York: George Braziller, 1988, pp. 102, 221-222. Randall, Lilian M. C. "An Elephant in the Litany: Further Thoughts on an English Book of Hours in the Walters Art Gallery (W. 102)," in Willene B. Clark and Meradith T. McMunn, eds., Beasts and Birds of the Middle Ages. The Bestiary and Its Legacy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989), 106-133. Camille, Michael. Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art. London: Reaktion; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992, pp. 23-30. Varty, Kenneth. Reynard, Renart, Reinart: And Other Foxes in Medieval England. Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press; London: Eurospan, 1999, p. 141. Mellinkoff, Ruth. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1993, no. IX.3. Gies, Joseph and Frances. Scenes of Medieval Life. London: Folio Society. 2002, p. 158, v. 2 Bildhauer, Bettina and Robert Mills, eds. The Monstrous Middle Ages. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 2003, pp. 47-48, fig. 7 (fol. 56v) Les Musées de Strasbourg. Homme-animal: Histoires d'un face à face. Strasbourg: Éditions des Musées de Strasbourg. 2004, p. 99, fig. III 11 (fol. 56v) Bagnoli, Martina. The Medieval World. Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2011, p. 149, fig. 131 Dillon, Emma. The Sense of Sound: Musical Meaning in France, 1260-1330. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 243-286, figs. 7.7-18. Morgan, Nigel, "English Books of Hours, c. 1240–c. 1480." In Books of Hours Reconsidered, edited by Sandra Hindman and James H. Marrow, 66-95. London and Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2013; 67, 80, 94 Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Christian Codex Manuscript Miniature England Book of Hours English Grotesques Illumination Devotion 13th century Walters Art Museum Book