Walters Ms. W.12, On Christian rulers Prologue Chapter list De rectoribus Christianis Hymn Liber de rectoribus Christianis Sedulius, Scotus, fl. 848-860 Sedulius Scottus Principal cataloger Herbert, Lynley Cataloger Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934 Editor Herbert, Lynley Editor Noel, William Copy editor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Davis, Lisa Fagin Contributor Dutschke, Consuelo Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Hamburger, Jeffrey Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 Created in the mid twelfth century in Germany, this manuscript contains the much earlier writings of the Irish scholar Sedulius Scotus. Writing in the mid ninth century at St. Lambert in Liège, Scotus famously penned this treatise on the duties and ideals of the Christian king or prince. It is the earliest version of a genre that would become popular in the later medieval and Renaissance periods, often known as "mirrors for princes." This manuscript is the second oldest copy of Scotus' treatise known, the earliest being from the ninth century (Bremen, Stadtbibliothek Ms. C. 36). The text is virtually complete, missing only its first and last folios, and is written in a clear Romanesque Caroline minuscule script. The nine inhabited initials, which include dragons and cranes, as well as the seven decorated initials, have been left unfinished. In its script and decoration the manuscript is similar to a benedictional made in Constance (Folter, et al. Cimelia, p. 144, no. 33). Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.12 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 116v Liber de rectoribus Christianis Incomplete; missing first folio 1r - 2r Prologue ... indiget artis opis sic et res publica felix Begins imperfectly 2r - 4r Chapter list Incipiunt capitula De eo quod pium rectorem Complete; list of twenty chapters (unnumbered) 4v - 116v De rectoribus Christianis Incipit liber de rectoribus Christianis et regulis quibus est res publica rite gubernanda Postquam regale sceptrum regnique gubernacula Incomplete; missing last folio 117r - 117v Hymn [O] quam felices per te sanctissima Fragment; thirteenth-century hymn reused as a pastedown, with neumes on a five-line staff; text on recto from the Office of Matins for St. Catherine; text on verso unknown

Cream-colored, velvety parchment

 Foliation: ii+117+ii17.1 10.8 10.1 6.4 Modern pencil foliation in upper right corners; fol. 117 originally a pastedown; missing text leaves before fols. 1, 47, 95, and 117

ii, 1(8,-1), 2-5(8), 6(8,-8), 7-12(8), 13(8,-1), 14-15(6), 16(6,-2,5), ii Small letters in bottom margins on versos None Quires begin on fols. 1(1), 8(2), 16(3), 24(4), 32(5), 40(6), 47(7), 55(8), 63(9), 71(10), 79(11), 87(12), 95(13), 102(14), 108(15), 114(16); fifth leaf of the final quire (now missing) formerly a singleton; text complete from fols. 114-115

 Ruling in lead; prickings visible on fore-edge Written in a pre-Gothic script with neumes Written in a late Caroline minuscule script Red initials beginning each sentence Red initials beginning each sentence Inhabited and decorated initials throughout in various states of finish, from fully colored at the beginning, to underdrawing, to only blank space by the end; some crude, later pen decoration around the initials in an attempt to finish them; large initials ranging in size (3-8 lines high); first line of each chapter in red rustic capitals; occasional small initials in red (1-2 lines high); crudely etched faces and eagle in margins by a later owner; text in black ink Decorated initial "D" Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter list Decorated initial "D," 3 lines Inhabited initial "P" with dragon Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Incipit Inhabited initial "P," 9 lines Inhabited initial "Q" with dragon Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 2 Inhabited initial "Q," 3 lines Inhabited initial "R" with dragon Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 3 Inhabited initial "R," 4 lines Unfinished decorated initial "O" Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 4 Decorated initial "O," 4 lines Unfinished inhabited initial "R" with dragon Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 5 Inhabited initial "R," 5 lines Unfinished inhabited initial "I" with dragon Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 6 Inhabited initial "I," 6 lines Unfinished decorated initial "N" Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 7 Decorated initial "N," 4 lines Unfinished inhabited initial "M" formed from two dragons Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 8 Inhabited initial "M," 3 lines Unfinished inhabited initial "S" with beast head Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 9 Inhabited initial "S," 5 lines Unfinished decorated initial "C" Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 11 Decorated initial "C," 4 lines Unfinished inhabited initial "O" with birds and fish Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 12 Inhabited initial "O," 4 lines Unfinished inhabited initial "N" with dragon Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 13 Inhabited initial "N," 4 lines Unfinished decorated initial "S" Liber de rectoribus Christianis: Chapter 14 Decorated initial "S," 8 lines

Modern white leather over boards, Walters Art Museum, 1998; earlier binding preserved and housed separately (images included here) in red and yellow brocade by Gruel after 1906, to replace a leather binding with clasp and a pastedown from a thirteenth-century Gospel (binding no longer extant)

 Mid 12th century CE Westphalia(?), Germany Created in Germany, possibly Westphalia, in the mid twelfth century Gustav Ritter von Emmich sale, Vienna, March 15, 1906, no. I, pl. VIII Gruel and Engelmann collection no. 609, Paris Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel before 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequest Relevant Works Olschki, L. S. "Vendite Pubbliche: Vendita della biblioteca Gustavo R. v. Emich." La Bibliofilia 8 (1906-1907): 229 (fol. 54r). De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 820, no. 384. Austin, Gerard. "Bibliographie: Liturgical Manuscripts in the United States and Canada." Scriptorium 28 (1974): 99. Doyle, Edward. The De Rectoribus Christianis and Poems of Sedulius Scottus. Binghamton, N.Y.: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1982. Folter, Roland, et al. Cimelia: A Catalogue of Important Illuminated and Textual Manuscripts Published in Commemoration of the Sale of the Ludwig Collection. New York: H. P. Kraus, 1983, p. 144, no. 33. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book Christian Codex Manuscript Walters Art Museum German Romanesque Philosophy Theology Germany Inhabited initial Caroline minuscule 12th century Treatise