Walters Ms. W.170, Book of Hours Front pastedown with creeds and diagrams Calendar Birth notice Hours of the Virgin Hours of the Cross Mass of the Virgin Three prayers to the Virgin Prayer to Christ Seven Penitential Psalms Litany, petitions, and collects Office of the Dead Prayer to the Holy Face Devotional sequence Seven Joys of the Virgin Suffrages Seven Last Words of Christ Prayer sequence Suffrages Eight verses of St. Bernard Added Hours of the Holy Spirit Back pastedown with imprecations to Guardian Angel Book of Hours Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Shartrand, Emily Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Brown, Emily Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Shartrand, Emily Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This Book of Hours was originally completed ca. 1430-1440 but has since been reconstructed, with several prayers and suffrages having been added to it over time. The miniatures were illuminated under the influence of the Master of Guillebert de Mets. Both the original and a subsequent owner are depicted in prayer on fols. 9v and 165v, respectively. The book was rebound by Joris de Gavere of Ghent ca. 1525-1535. The manuscript was rebacked in the modern period, but the sixteenth-century boards remain. Both contain stamped panels depicting angels playing instruments, and a band of fantastic animals depicted in profile. An inscription cites Joris de Gavere as the maker and asks the angels for their prayers. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.170 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 182v Book of Hours FrontPastedown - 1v Front pastedown with creeds and diagrams [C]redo in deum patrem omnipotentem Seventeen lines of Creeds; diagrams on fol. 1v for determining golden numbers and dominical letters, circles dated to 1413 CE; rectangular diagram drawn below Written in the first quarter of the 15th century; parchment reused from another manuscript and added to this book at rebinding 2r - 7v Calendar Januarius habet dies xxxi. luna vero xxx. Composed of northern French, Netherlandish, and English saints with feasts connected to Amiens; saints of note include Thomas Becket (Jan. 5), Bathildis (Jan. 30), Vedast and Amandus (Feb. 6), Milburg (Feb. 23), David (Mar. 1), George (Apr. 23), Valeric (Apr. 1), Brendan (May 17), William (June 7), Eligius (June 25), Oswald (Aug. 5), Bertin (Sept. 5), Cosmas and Damian (Sept. 26), Bavo, Vedast, Remigius "& aliorum" (Oct. 1), Donatian (Oct. 14), Wulfram (Oct. 15), Crispinus (Oct. 24), Lazarus (Dec. 18); occasional Egyptian days indicated with "dies egta" Major feasts in red, all others in brown ink 8r - 8r Birth notice Added in the sixteenth century 8v - 48v Hours of the Virgin Incipiunt hore beate marie secundum usum romane curie. Ad matutinas. Domine labia mea 49v - 60v Hours of the Cross Incipiunt hore de sancta cruce. Ad matutinas. Domine labia mea 61v - 71v Mass of the Virgin Missa beate marie virginis Introibo ad altare dei Mass of the Virgin; Gospel sequences fols. 66v-71r (atypical) 72v - 78v Three prayers to the Virgin Si quis devote Obsecro te Heading instructs the reader that reciting the prayers before bed will cause the Virgin to appear at the time of their death 79r - 80v Prayer to Christ Sequentem oracionem composuit In mensam clementiam Attributed to St. Augustine 81v - 91r Seven Penitential Psalms Incipiunt septem psalmi penitenciales Domine ne in furore 91r - 97v Litany, petitions, and collects Incipiunt letanie sanctorum cum precibus et collectis: secundum usum romane curie Kyrieleison Mainly female saints taken from northern France and southern Netherlands; saints of note include St. John the Baptist; sixteen apostles/disciples; nineteen martyrs including George, Lambert, Dionysius, Maurice, Adrian, and Victor; eighteen confessors/monks/hermits including Judocus, Alexis, Benedict, Audomar, Leonard, Amandus, Vedast, Remigius, Bavo; twenty-three virgins/widows/continentes including Anne, Mary, Egyptian, Juliana, Walburga, Brigid, Gertrude, Fides, Spes, and Caritas 98v - 112v Office of the Dead Incipit officium mortuorum Dilexi quoniam exaudiet 113r - 114v Prayer to the Holy Face Salve sancta facies Text rhyming 115v - 126v Devotional sequence De sancta trinitate Te deum patrem unigenitum te filium Fols 116r-v: Suffrage to Trinity; fols. 117r-v: Prayer to Christ the Holy Spirit; fols. 117v-120v: Four Prayers to Christ; fols. 120v-123r: Four Prayers to the Trinity and Christ; fols. 123r-v: Communion Prayer; fols. 123v-124r: Suffrage to the Cross; fols. 124r-125v: Two prayers attributed to St. Augustine; fol. 126r: Communion Prayer 127v - 136v Seven Joys of the Virgin Salutatio ad beatam virginem mariam Gaude virgo mater christi Fols. 128r-129r: Seven Joys of the Virgin; fol. 131v: Prayer to Christ on the Cross; fols. 132r-135r: Prayer on Sorrow of the Virgin by the Cross; fols. 135r-136v: Apostles' Salutations to the Virgin 137v - 143v Suffrages Antiphona. De angelis. Angeli archangeli throni Suffrages to angels, SS. Peter and Paul, apostles, and John the Baptist 144v - 147r Seven Last Words of Christ Incipit oratio venerabilis Domine ihesu christe 148v - 151v Prayer sequence Benedictus papa duo decimus concessit hanc orationem devote dicenti eo tempore quo eucharista exstat in altari tot dies indulgentiales quod erant in xristi corpore vulnera. Summa XVm .CCCC. et sexaginta. Precor te piissime Two prayers to Christ: fols. 149r-150v; Prayer to St. George: fol. 150v; Early added prayers to Christ's Wounds and St. Catherine 152r - 176v Suffrages Oracio de sancta katherina Ave virginum gemma katherina Suffrages on fols. 165v-176v added at an early date 177r - 178v Eight verses of St. Bernard Legitur in vita bernardi Illumina oculos meos 179r - 182v Added Hours of the Holy Spirit Incipiunt hore de sancto spiritu Domine labia mea Added in the sixteenth century; secondary headings in Latin and Dutch BackPastedown - BackPastedown Back pastedown with imprecations to Guardian Angel Angelus qui meus est Added in the second half of the fifteenth century

Medium-weight, and well-selected parchment; margins have been scraped clean; fols. 8, 59, 127, 154, and 168 were at one point disbound and folded in half horizontally

 Foliation: 18215.4 10.9 8.1 5.2 8.0 5.2 7.7 5.1 Parchment stub after last folio; early pen foliation and slightly later pencil foliation inconsistently paired lower part of upper right corner rectos; modern smaller pencil foliation at very top of upper right corner rectos (used here)

Collation not possible due to rebacking Two to three words on lower right of the page in light brown ink and underlined, most have been effaced, best surviving example on fol. 24v; likely not contemporary Generally quires of eight with inserted full-page miniatures

 Irregular textura in brown ink Compact textura Compact textura, punctus elevatus, and punctus paused Full-page miniature on fol. 8v; historiated initials on fols. 9r, 17v, 27r, 30r, 33r, 35v, 39r, and 45r Full-page miniatures on fols. 49v, 51v, 53v, 55v, 57v, and 59v Full-page miniature on fol. 61v Full-page miniature on fol. 72v Full-page miniature on fol. 81r Full-page miniature on fol. 98v Full-page miniature on fol. 115v Full-page miniature on fol. 127v Full-page miniature on fol. 137v Full-page miniature on fol. 144v Full-page miniature on fol. 148v Full-page miniatures on fols. 154v, 157v, 159v, 161v, 163v 165v, 168v 171v, and 174v Twenty-seven full-page miniatures; eight historiated initials (6 lines), decorated and flourished initial, floral borders, drolleries in borders on fols. 9r and 50r, line fillers; rubrics in red; text in brown ink Virgin and Child with original owner Hours of the Virgin: Matins Full-page miniature Manuscript owner praying Hours of the Virgin: Matins Historiated initial "D," 7 lines Hours of the Virgin: Visitation Lauds Historiated initial "D," 5 lines Annunciation to the Shepherds Hours of the Virgin: Prime Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Nativity Hours of the Virgin: Terce Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Adoration of the Magi Hours of the Virgin: Sext Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Presentation in the Temple Hours of the Virgin: None Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Massacre of the Innocents Hours of the Virgin: Vespers Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Flight into Egypt Hours of the Virgin: Compline Historiated initial "D," 6 lines Betrayal-Arrest Hours of the Cross: Matins Full-page miniature Decorated initial "D" Hours of the Cross: Matins Decorated initial "D," 6 lines Christ before Pilate Hours of the Cross: Lauds Full-page miniature Hours of the Cross: Flagellation Terce Full-page miniature Christ bearing Cross Hours of the Cross: Sext Full-page miniature Deposition Hours of the Cross: Vespers Full-page miniature Entombment Hours of the Cross: Compline Full-page miniature Death of the Virgin Mass of the Virgin Full-page miniature

Figure of Doubting Thomas holding the Virgin's girdle in the right margin

 Adoration of the Magi Three prayers to the Virgin: "Obsecro te" Full-page miniature Last Judgment Seven Penitential Psalms Full-page miniature Funeral service Office of the Dead Full-page miniature Decorated initial "D" Office of the Dead Decorated initial "D," 6 lines Throne of Grace Devotional sequence: Suffrage to the Trinity Full-page miniature Annunciation Seven Joys of the Virgin Full-page miniature St. Michael and the devil Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Michael Full-page miniature St. John the Baptist Suffrages: Suffrage to St. John the Baptist Full-page miniature St. Daniel in the lions' den Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Daniel Full-page miniature Resurrection Seven Last Words of Christ Full-page miniature Man of Sorrows Prayer sequence Full-page miniature St. Christopher carrying Christ-Child Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Christopher Full-page miniature St. George and the Dragon Suffrages: Suffrage to St. George Full-page miniature St. Cornelius Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Cornelius Full-page miniature St. Sebastian martyred Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Sebastian Full-page miniature St. Anthony Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Anthony Full-page miniature St. Mary Magdalene with manuscript owner Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Mary Magdalene Full-page miniature St. Catherine Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Catherine Full-page miniature St. Barbara Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Barbara Full-page miniature St. Wilgefortis martyred Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Wilgefortis Full-page miniature

Made in Flanders by Joris de Gavere; brown calf with replaced spine and corners to match; stamped panel on both upper and lower boards; top and bottom sections display angels playing instruments in roundels created by vines, with these two sections surrounded by text and floral borders inscribed with "Joris de Gavere me ligavit in Gandavo, om[n]es sancti angeli et archangeli dei orate pro nobis"; middle section contains five animals, from left to right: boar, unicorn, lion, wyvern, and a stag; two brass clasps probably added by Gruel

 Second quarter of 15th century CE Ghent Illuminated under influence of the Master of Guillebert de Mets, Ghent, 1430-1440; original owner depicted on fols. 8v-9r Secondary patron depicted on added fol. 165v, unknown date Rebound by Joris de Gavere, Ghent, 1525-1535 Two birth notices appear on fols. 8r and 182r, written in Dutch and dated to 1529 and 1576 respectively Léon Gruel, Paris, ca. 1900; Gruel and Engelmann bookplate on front pastedown inscribed "No 432", Gruel dealer plate on fol. 1r Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1905 and 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Collection Léon Gruel: Manuscrits rares et précieux. Sale catalogue. Paris, c. 1905; lot no. 10. Gruel, Léon. Manuel de l'amateur de reliures, vol. 2. Paris: Gruel and Engelmann, 1905; p. 86. De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 787, cat. no. 189. Leroquais, Victor. Un livre d'heures de Jean sans Peur, Duc de Bourgogne (1404–1419). Paris: Georges Andrieux, 1939; p. 53 (erroneously cited as W. 172). Miner, Dorothy. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949; cat. no. 126. Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953; pp. 119, 128, fig. 190. Meiss, Millard. Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: The Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-Fourteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951; pp. 142-143, 178. Miner, Dorothy, and Philippe Verdier. The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400. Exhibition Catalogue, Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1962; cat. no. 69, Pl. LVII. Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. Revised edition. NY: Philosophical Library, 1967; p. 440. Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting: Plates. NY: Harper and Row, 1971; pp. xii, 82. Rogers, Nicholas. "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century." M. Phil., Cambridge University, 1982; p. 265. Dogaear, Georges. Flemish Manuscript Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries. Amsterdam: B.M. Israël, 1987; p. 31. Gifford, E.M. "Pattern and Style in a Flemish Book of Hours: Walters MS 239." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 45 (1987): 89-102; pp. 93, 95, figs. 71, 72. Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. Exhibition Catalogue. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. NY: George Braiziller, 1988; PP. 116-117, 209, cat. no. 83, Pl. 35. Reinburg, Virginia. "Hearing Lay People's Prayer." In Culture and Identity in Early Modern Europe (1500-1800): Essays in Honor of Natalie Zeemon Davis. Edited by Barbara B. Diefendorf and Carla Alison Hesse, 19-40. Anne Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1993; p. 37. Smeyers, Maurits et al. Naer natueren ghelike: Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck. Louvain: Peeters, 1993; p. 98, fig. 24. Smeyers, Maurits, Bert Cardon, et al. Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck (ca. 1380-ca. 1420) Catalogus. Corpus van verluchte handschriften 6, Low Countries Series 4. Louvain: Peeters, 1993; cat. no. 51, fig. 54. Gathercole, Patricia M. Animals in Medieval French Manuscript Illumination. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1995; p. 58. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 123-132, cat. no. 231. Strumwasser, Gina. "Betrayal." In The Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art, Vol. 1. Edited by Helene E. Roberts, 125-136. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998; p. 134. Smeyers, Maurits. Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the Mid-16th Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999; pp. 240-241, 285. Rogers, Nicholas. "Patrons and Purchasers: Evidence for the Original Owners of Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market." In "Als Ich Can": Liber Amicorum in Memory of Professor Dr. Maurits Smeyers, edited by Bert Cardon, Jan Van der Stock, and Dominique Vanwijnsberghe, 1165-1179, vol. 2. Leuven: Peeters Press, 2002; p. 1169. Alcoy, Rosa. San Jorge y la princesa: diálogos de la pintura del siglo XV en Cataluña y Aragon. Barcelona: Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2004; p. 49. Gathercole, Patricia M. The Depiction of Angels and Demons in Medieval French Manuscript Illumination. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004; p. 75. Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Le cycle d'enfance des petites de la vierge dans les livres d'heures des pays-bas méridionaux." In Manuscripten en miniaturen: Studies aangeboden aan Anne S. Korteweg bij haar afscheid van de Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Boekhandel. Nieuwe Reeks (8). Edited by Jos Biemans, Klaas van der Hoek, Kathryn M. Rudy, and Ed van der Vlist, 355-366. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2007; p. 360. L'Engle, Susan. "Depictions of Chastity: Virture Made Visible." In Chastity: A Study in Perception, Ideals, and Opposition. Edited by Nancy Elizabeth Van Deusen, 87-126. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2008; pp. 114, 126, fig. 9. Dneffe, Dominique, Famke Peters, and Wim Fremout. Pre-Eyckian Panel Painting in the Low Countries, Vol. 1. Brussels: Brepols, 2009; pp. 145-146 (fig. 26), cat. no. 2, pp. 300, 307 (n. 63), cat. no. 6. 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