Walters Ms. W.183, Book of Hours (Use of Rome) Calendar Hours of the Cross Hours of the Holy Spirit Mass of the Virgin Gospel Lessons Obsecro te O intemerata Suffrages Hours of the Virgin Advent Office of the Virgin Seven Penitential Psalms Litany, petitions, invocations, and collects Office of the Dead Book of Hours artist Circle of Willem Vrelant Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Dennis, Nathan S Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbert, Lynley Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 This pocket-size Flemish Book of Hours was created in Bruges between 1460 and 1470. A heavy contingent of South Netherlandish saints in the litany helps localize its production. Although small in scale, it is notable for its abundance of illuminations, nearly thirty extant, by artists working in the style of the prolific mid-fifteenth-century Flemish illuminator Willem Vrelant. Three artists worked on this book. The best painted the full-page miniature of David Penitent on fol. 85v; an able artist painted the other two full-page miniatures; the historiated initials and minor decoration are routine. Several other Books of Hours in the Walters' collection are similar in style to this manuscript, exhibiting the characteristics of the Vrelant circle, notably W.177, W.179, and W.180. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.183 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 132v Book of Hours artist 3r - 14v Calendar Januarius .xxxi. Calendar less than half full, graded in red and brown; contains a large number of Bruges saints; saints of note include: Adrian (Mar. 4), Thomas Aquinas (Mar. 7), Victor (Apr. 20), Quirinus (Apr. 30), Desiderius (May 23), Germanus (May 28), Anthony (June 13), Basil (June 14), Margaret (June 13), Gudula (July 6, Translation), Bernard (Aug. 20), Remigius and Bavo (Oct. 1), Walburga (Oct. 12, Translation), Donatian (Oct. 14), All Souls (Nov. 2), Daniel (Dec. 11) artist 15r - 18v Hours of the Cross Incipiunt hore sancte crucis Domine labia mea aperies artist 19v - 23v Hours of the Holy Spirit Incipiunt hore de sancto spiritu Domine labia mea aperies artist 24v - 28r Mass of the Virgin Incipit missa beate marie virginis Et introibo ad altare dei artist 28v - 32r Gospel Lessons Initium sancti ewangelii secundum johannem Gloria tibi domine In principio erat verbum Readings from the four Gospels: John 1:1-14, Luke 1:26-38, Matthew 2:1-12, Mark 16:14-20 artist 33r - 35r Obsecro te Oratio deuota de domina nostra Obsecro te domina sancta maria artist 35r - 36v O intemerata Alia oracio deuota ad mariam virginem O intemerata et in eternum benedicta artist 37r - 42v Suffrages Memoria de sancto johanne baptista Inter natos mulierum non surrexit Suffrages for saints: fol. 37r: John the Baptist, Inter natos mulierum non surrexit maior iohanne baptista; fol. 37v: Peter and Paul, Petrus apostolus et paulus doctor gentium; fol. 38r: Andrew, Andreas christi famulus dignus deo; fol. 38v: Lawrence, Laurencius homini opus operatus est; fol. 39r: Thomas Becket, Tu per thome sanguinem quem pro te impendit; fol. 39v: Nicholas, Beatus nycholaus ad huc puerulus multo ieiunio; fol. 40r: Mary Magdalene, Maria ergo unxit pedes ihesu et extersit capillis capitis sui; fol. 40v: Catherine, Virgo sancta katherina grecie gemma urbe allexandrina; fol. 41r: Margaret, Erat autem margareta annorum quindecim ab impio olibrio; fol. 41v: Barbara, O pulcra principium rosa dans odorem florent; fol. 42r: Apollonia, O sancta appollonia fuit milita que pro christi nomine dentes extracte; fol. 42v: Scholastica, Accinxit fortitudine lumbos suos et roborauit brachium suum artist 43r - 77v Hours of the Virgin Incipiunt hore beate marie virginis secundum consuetudinem romane ecclesie Domine labia mea aperies Use of Rome artist 78r - 84v Advent Office of the Virgin Incipit officium beate marie virginis que dicitur per totum aduentum ad vesperas Deus, in adiutorium meum intende artist 85v - 92r Seven Penitential Psalms Incipiunt septem psalmi Domine ne in furore tuo arguas me artist 92v - 99r Litany, petitions, invocations, and collects Letania de omnibus sanctis Kyrie eleyson Fols. 92v-94r: litany, notable for South Netherlandish representation; St. Edith, English saint, also noteworthy; seventeen apostles from Peter to Luke; twenty-six martyrs including Donatian, Lambert, Hubert, William, Dionysius, Maurice, Livin, Hippolytus; nineteen confessors including Erasmus, Eligius, Maurus, Isidore, Julianus, Gildard, Medard, Albinus; sixteen virgins including Amalberga, Soteris, Edith, Afra; fols. 94v-97r: petitions, invocations, and Psalm 69; fols. 97r-v: imprecations; fols 97v-99r: ten collects 100r - 125v Office of the Dead Incipiunt vigilie mortuorum. ps. dd. Placebo. Dilexi quoniam Use of Rome; fols. 103v-104r: four collects at the end of Vespers (second for female) artist

Light-weight calf, inserted illuminated leaves heavier; well prepared with satiny finish on flesh side; flyleaves laid paper, with front flyleaf i, r, and back flyleaf iii, v marbelized and facing matching pastedowns

 Foliation: iii+131+iii10.2 6.8 6.0 3.8 Third front flyleaf and first back flyleaf are parchment and have been foliated 1 and 132, respectively, but are not medieval; medieval codex begins with fol. 2; modern pencil foliation, upper-right corners, rectos; fols. 126-131, the end of the medieval codex, are blank, but have been foliated

Quire 1: 6 (fols. 2-7); Quire 2: 8, with eighth folio cancelled (fols. 8-14); Quire 3: 8, with the first folio and sixth folios originally added, and first folio now lacking (fols. 15-23); Quire 4: 8, with the first folio added (fols. 24-32); Quire 5: 8 (fols. 33-40); Quire 6: 2 (fols. 41-42); Quire 7: 8, with first folio added and later removed again (fols. 43-50); Quire 8: 6, with the first folio added (fols. 51-57); Quire 9: 8 (fols. 58-65); Quire 10: 6, with first folio added (fols. 66-72); Quire 11: 8 (fols. 73-80); Quire 12: 4 (fols. 81-84); Quire 13: 8, with first folio added (fols. 85-93); Quire 14: 6 (fols. 94-99); Quire 15: 8, with first folio added and later removed again (fols. 100-107); Quires 16-17: 8 (fols. 108-123); Quire 18: 10, with ninth and tenth folios cancelled (fols. 124-131) Signatures in faint brown ink sometimes visible at lower right, rectos, beginning on fol. 25r; modern pencil quire numbers at lower left, rectos (not always readily visible) None Some miniatures were inserted as per workshop practice, and some were removed again at a later time

 Ruled in light-red ink; prick marks sometimes visible along fore-edge; layout does not apply to calendar: 3.8 cm x 5.9 cm (written surface), 3 columns, 17 lines Compressed textura Large decorated initial, foliate margins with birds fol. 15r. Full-page miniature fol. 19r. Full-page miniature fol. 24v; large decorated initial, foliate margins fol. 25r Three small miniatures fols. 28v, 29v, 31v; one historiated initial fol. 30v Historiated initial fol. 33r. Decorated initial fol. 35r Small miniature fol. 37r; historiated initials fols. 37v, 38r-v, 39r-v, 40r-v, 41r-v, and 42r-v Full-page miniature missing at Matins, between fols. 42 and 43; historiated initials fols. 53v, 60r, 62v, 65r, 67v, 70r, and 74v Historiated initial fol. 78r Full-page miniature fol. 85v; large decorated initial, foliate margins fol. 86r Thirteen minor decorated initials Full-page miniature missing between fols. 99 and 100; would have faced page with large decorated initial and foliate margins, fol. 100r Three full-page miniatures (three others now missing) by two different artists and inserted as singletons (3.7 x 6.3 cm), each with foliate margins on three sides and facing (or would have been facing) opening pages of text with matching foliate margins and large blue and rose floral initials against gold grounds (6-7 lines); four small miniatures and twenty-one historiated initials by a third artist (9 lines) with foliate margins above and below the textblock; smaller initials in gold against blue and rose grounds (2-4 lines) beginning each calendar page (KL) and also marking secondary text divisions; versals in alternating gold and blue (1 line); geometric line fillers in rose and blue (in litany only); rubrics and major feast days in rose; text in black ink Pentecost Hours of the Holy Spirit Full-page miniature Christ blessing the Virgin Mass of the Virgin Full-page miniature St. John on Patmos Gospel Lessons, Gospel reading John 1:1-14 Small miniature St. Luke writing Gospel Lessons: Gospel reading Luke 1:26-38 Small miniature St. Matthew Gospel Lessons: Gospel reading Matthew 2:1-12 Historiated initial "C," 9 lines St. Mark writing Mass of the Virgin: Gospel reading Mark 16:14-20 Small miniature Pietà Obsecro te Historiated initial "O," 9 lines St. John the Baptist Suffrage for St. John the Baptist Small miniature Sts. Peter and Paul Suffrage for Sts. Peter and Paul Historiated initial "P," 9 lines St. Andrew Suffrage for St. Andrew Historiated initial "A," 9 lines St. Lawrence Suffrage for St. Lawrence Historiated initial "L," 9 lines St. Thomas Becket martyred Suffrage for St. Thomas Becket Historiated initial "T," 9 lines St. Nicholas resuscitates youths Suffrage for St. Nicholas Historiated initial "B," 9 lines St. Mary Magdalene Suffrage for St. Mary Magdalene Historiated initial "M," 9 lines St. Catherine Suffrage for St. Catherine Historiated initial "U," 9 lines St. Margaret issuing from a dragon Suffrage for St. Margaret Historiated initial "E," 9 lines St. Barbara Suffrage for St. Barbara Historiated initial "O," 9 lines St. Apollonia Suffrage for St. Apollonia Historiated initial "O," 9 lines St. Scholastica Suffrage for St. Scholastica Historiated initial "A," 9 lines Visitation Hours of the Virgin: Lauds Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Nativity-Adoration Hours of the Virgin: Prime Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Annunciation to the shepherds Hours of the Virgin: Terce Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Adoration of the Magi Hours of the Virgin: Sext Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Presentation in the temple Hours of the Virgin: None Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Massacre of an innocent Hours of the Virgin: Vespers Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Flight into Egypt Hours of the Virgin: Compline Historiated initial "C," 9 lines Coronation of the Virgin by an angel before God-Father Advent Office of the Virgin Historiated initial "D," 9 lines David penitent Penitential Psalms Full-page miniature

Rebound in France, ca. 1820; black straight-grain goatskin, blind-tooled foliate, rope, and geometric patterns; gold-tooled framing fillets on outer boards, and Greek key designs on turn-ins; marbelized pastedowns; spine inscribed in gold amid three wreaths: HEURES/SUR/VELIN; pink and white silk endbands and pink ribbon marker; housed within a black telescopic case inscribed HEURES in gold

 Ca. 1460-70 CE Bruges, Flanders Made in Bruges, ca. 1460-70, for the Use of Rome, in the circle of Willem Vrelant; many South Netherlandish, and some English, saints in the suffrages and litany De Traysy, seventeenth-century ex libris (fol. 126r) Lauora, or Lauorci, eighteenth-century(?) inscription (fol. 131r), now erased Henry Walters, Baltimore, between 1895 and 1931, by purchase Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 797, cat. no. 254. Bowles, E. A. "A Checklist of Musical Instruments in Fifteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts at the Walters Art Gallery." Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association, 32/4 (1976): 719-726; p. 723. Owens, M. B. Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders. PhD diss., University of Chicago, 1987, p. 394. Randall, Lilian M.C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Walters Art Gallery, 1997, Part 1, pp. 278-282, cat. no. 255. Bousmanne, Bernard. "Item a Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur:" Willem Vrelant: un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque royale de Belgique; Turnhout: Brepols, 1997, p. 229. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book of Hours Christian Flemish Book Historiated initial Illumination Manuscript Miniature Walters Art Museum Flanders 15th century Devotion Codex