Walters Ms. W.202, Book of Hours Calendar Fifteen Prayers on the Passion Suffrages Hours of the Virgin and two devotional sequences Seven Penitential Psalms Litany, petitions, invocations, and collects Office of the Dead Commendation of souls Psalter of the Passion Psalter of St. Jerome with introductory prayer Book of Hours artist Vrelant, Willem, -1481 Circle of Willem Vrelant Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbold, Rebekah Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Wallace, Susan Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Valle, Chiara Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This pocket-sized Book of Hours, ca. 1460-70, was completed in the circle of Willem Vrelant for the use of Sarum. Featuring twenty-seven extant miniatures and twenty-two historiated initials, it is an important example of the prayer books made in the third quarter of the thirteenth century in Bruges for English owners. While this manuscript is not especially unique amongst its peers, it is exemplary because of its impressive pictorial program, including the aforementioned miniatures and historiated initials. The miniatures include decorative details distinctive of the tradition of the Masters of the Gold Scrolls, which was influential in this period. Also notable is the sensitivity to atmospheric landscape effects imbued with spatial and coloristic qualities reminiscent of manuscripts in the Eyckian tradition. Full-page Passion scenes paired with smaller Infancy episodes in the Hours of the Virgin are juxtaposed, resulting in a rare dualism that speaks to the ambitious artistic program exhibited in this manuscript. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.202 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 263v Book of Hours 1r - 12v Calendar Januarius. Calendar half full, graded in rose and brown; contains a large number of English saints: Thomas Becket (Jan. 5), Wulstan (Jan. 19), Cedd (Feb. 3), Guthlac (Feb. 4), Julianus (Apr. 17), Elphege (Apr. 19), John of Beverly (May 7), Andrew (May 9), Dunstan (May 19), Thomas Becket (Jul. 7, translation), Grimbald (Jul. 18), Philibert (Aug. 20), Bernard (Aug. 25), Hugh (Oct. 6), Osyth (Oct. 7), Paulinus (Oct. 10), Wilfrid (Oct. 12), Ethelreda (Oct. 17), Friedswide (Oct. 19), Germanus (Oct. 30), Brictius (Nov. 13), Hugh (Nov. 17), Edmund (Nov. 20), Birinus (Dec. 3), Thomas Becket (Dec. 29) 13r - 24v Fifteen Prayers on the Passion Oratio devota ad christum. Ihesus xristus eterna Fifteen "O"s of St. Brigid of Sweden, ca. 1303-73, canonized 1391; patron saint of pilgrims, founder of order with special devotion to the Passion 25r - 51v Suffrages Memoria de sancta trinitate Domine deus omni potens Fols. 26r-28v: Trinity; fols. 29r-30v: John the Baptist, rhyming; fols. 31r-32v: Thomas Becket, rhyming; fols. 33r-34r: George; fols. 34r-36r: Christopher, rhyming; fols. 36v-37v: Julian Hospitaller; fols. 38v-40v: Erasmus; fols. 41v-42v: Gabriel, rhyming; fols. 43r-44r: Anne; fols. 44v-46r: Mary Magdalene, rhyming; fols. 46v-48r: Catherine; fols. 48v-50r: Margaret, rhyming 52r - 152v Hours of the Virgin and two devotional sequences Incipiunt hore beate marie virginis secundum consuetudinem anglie. Domine labia mea aperies Fols. 52r-116r: Hours of the Virgin, for use of Sarum, Short Hours of the Cross intercalated beginning at Lauds; Seventeen suffrages at end of Lauds, typically headed "Memoria de. . . ."; including miscellany of six before and after eight to male and three to female saints: fol. 74v: Holy Spirit, fol. 75r: Trinity, fol. 75v: Cross, fol. 76r: Michael, fol. 76v: John the Baptist, fol. 77r: Peter and Paul, fol. 78r: Andrew, fol. 78v: Stephen, fol. 79r: Lawrence, fol. 79v: Thomas Becket, fol. 80r: Nicholas, fol. 81r: Mary Magdalene, fol. 81v: Catherine, fol. 82r: Margaret, fol. 82v: All Saints, fol. 83r: for peace, fol. 84r: Cross; devotional sequence focused on the Virgin; fols. 116r-117v: Hymn; fols. 118r-v, 118v-125r: Prayer to the Virgin, rhyming, twenty-nine quatrains, opening word(s) of each rubricated; versicle, prayer; fols. 125r-134r: Four prayers to the Virgin, the third rhyming; fols. 134v-139r: Seven Joys of the Virgin, attributed in heading to Pope Clement, granting Indulgence of 100 days for regular daily recitation: "Quicumque hec septem gaudia in honore beate marie virginis semel in die dixerit .C. dies indulgenciarum optinebit a domino papa clemente qui ea proprio stilo composuit. Virgo templum trinitatis. deus summe bonitatis. . . . (fol. 135r) Per hoc gaudium precamur. quod hunc regem mereamur. habere propicium. Et ab eo protegamur. protecti recipiamur. in terra vivencium . . . De secundo gratulans. cum tu solem . . . (fol. 138v) O maria tota munda. a peccatis nos emunda. per hec septem gaudia. Et secunda nos secunda. et domine tecum ad iocunda paradysi gaudia. Amen. Oratio. O domina glorie. O regina leticie. o fons pietatis. . . ."; fols. 139r-144v: prayer sequence including eight rhymed prayer to image of crucified Christ, crucifix, Christ's head crowned with thorns, and each of five wounds; followed by prayer to the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, God; fols. 145v-150r: prayer on Seven Last Words of Christ, each rubricated in text, attributed in heading to Bede, faithful recitation on one's knees prescribed to result in protection from devil, malefactors, death without confession, and vision of the Virgin thirty days before one's death: "Oratio venerabilis bede presbiteri de septem verbis christi in cruce pendentis quando orationem quicumque cotidie devote dixerit flexis genibus eam dicens nec dyabolus nec malus homo ei nocere poterit nec sine confessione morietur et per triginta dies ante obitum suum videbit gloriosam virginem mariam in auxilium sibi preparatam."; fols. 148r-149r: two prayers; fols. 150r-152v: five communion prayers; fols. 152r-v: prayer of Indulgence for 2,000 years, ending imperfectly, said in heading to grant to all confessed and contrite reciting prayer between elevation of Host and third agnus dei, attributed to Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) in response to King Philip IV's request: "Omnibus confessis & contritis hanc orationem dicentibus inter elevationem corporis christi & tercium agnus dei papa bonefacius concessit .ii. M. annorum indulgenciarum ad supplicationem philippi regis francie." 153r - 167v Seven Penitential Psalms Incipiunt septem psalmi penitenciales. Ne rereminiscaris. Domine ne in furore tuo Fols. 164v-167v: Fifteen Gradual psalms, cues only for first twelve (Psalms 119-130), next three in full (Psalms 131-133) 167v - 178r Litany, petitions, invocations, and collects Letania Fols. 167v-178r: Litany, featuring South Netherlandish and English saints, sixteen apostles/evangelists/disciples: Peter to Luke; thirty-one martyrs, including Cornelius, Alexander, Cyprian, Christopher, Thomas (Becket), Edward, Oswald, Alain, Lambert, Wallepaxte; sixteen confessors/monks/hermits including Julianus, Swithin, Birinus; twenty-five virgins, including Soteris, Edith, Afra, Brigid, Genenviève, Christina, Euphemia, Elizabeth; fols. 171v-175r: petitions, invocations, cue to Psalm 69; fols. 175v-178r: seven collects 178v - 213v Office of the Dead Incipiunt vigilie mortuorum. Antiphona. Dilexi quoniam ex audiet 214r - 234v Commendation of souls Incipiunt commendationes animarum. Beati immaculati in via qui ambulant in lege domini 235r - 242v Psalter of the Passion Incipit psalterium de passione domini. Deus, deus, meus respice in me 242v - 263v Psalter of St. Jerome with introductory prayer Beatus vero iheronimus in hoc modo psalterium istud disposuit sicut angelus domini docuit eum per spiritum sanctum porro hoc abbreviatum quod hii qui sollicitudinem huis seculi habent uel homines qui in infirmitatibus iacent aut qui iter longum agunt seu qui naufragio nauigant aut qui bellum commissuri sunt contra hostes seu qui militant contra inuidiam dyabolorum aut qui votum voverit domino contare quotidie integrum psalterium non possunt aut qui ieiuniant et ieiunio nimium debilitantur & qui festa solempnia non custodiunt et qui animam suam saluam volunt facere secundum misericordiam dei et vitam eternam volunt habere assidue cantent hoc psalterium et possidebunt regnum eternam. Oratio. Suscipere digneris domine deus Prayer introducing the Psalter of St. Jerome, which according to the heading he learned from an angel via the Holy Spirit; daily chanting said to provide salvation for careworn and infirm, travelers and sailors, those waging war against an enemy or the devil, those renewing their faith, those unable to chant the entire psalter daily or observe high feasts: "Beatus vero iheronumus in hoc modo psalteium istud disposuit sicut angelus domini docuit eum per spiritum sanctum porro hac abbreviatum quod hii qui sollicitudinem huis seculi habent uel homines qui in infirmitatibus iacent aut qui iter longum agunt seu qui naufragio nauigant aut qui bellum commissuri sunt contra hostes sui qui militant contra inuidiam dyabolorum aut qui votum voverit domino cantare quotidie integrum psalterium non possunt aur qui ieiuniant et ieiunio nimium debilitantur & qui festa solempnia non custodiunt et qui animam suam saluam volunt facere secundum misericordiam dei et vitam eternam volunt habere assiduecantent hoc psalterium et possidebunt regnum eternam. Oratio."; fols. 244v-263: Psalter of St. Jerome, miscellaneous psalm extracts, written consecutively, ending with Psalm 142 and prayer to God

Well-selected and prepared thin parchment; cropped; inserted full-page miniatures on thicker parchment, some excised, knife cut at times visible near gutter on next leaf (fol. 214); flyleaves of modern parchment

 Foliation: i+263+i9.8 7.3 5.8 3.8 Earlier pencil foliation at lower right of rectos; a newer set of foliation in darker pencil begins on the second of two leaves numbered 81 (used here)

Quire 1: 12 (fols. 1-12); Quire 2: 8, with ninth folio added (fols. 13-21); Quire 3: 8, with eighth folio added and later removed (fols. 22-29); Quire 4: 14, with first and fourth folios cancelled (fols. 30-41); Quire 5: 8, with first and fourth folios added (fols. 42-51); Quire 6: 8, with first folio cancelled, also with second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth folios added and later removed after fols. 42, 43, 45, 47, 49 (fols. 52-58); Quire 7: 8, with fifth folio added (fols. 59-67); Quires 8-9: (fols. 68-83); Quire 10: 8, with third folio added (fols. 84-90); Quire 11: 10, with second, seventh, and eleventh folios added (fols. 91-103); Quire 12: 6, with third and seventh folios added (fols. 104-111); Quire 13: 10 (fols. 112-121); Quire 14: 6 (fols. 122-127); Quire 15: 10 (fols. 128-137); Quire 16: 6 (fols. 138-143): Quire 17: 10, with tenth folio cancelled (fols. 144-152); Quires 18-20: 8 (fols. 153-176); Quire 21: 8, with second folio added (fols. 177-185); Quires 22-28: 8 (fols 186-241); Quire 29: 8, with third folio added (fols. 242-250); Quire 30: (fols. 251-258); Quire 31: 6, with sixth folio cancelled (fols. 259-263) None

Ruled in light-red ink; layout does not apply to calendar: 4.5 cm x 6.2 cm (written surface), 4 columns, 17 lines Textura One full-page miniature on fol. 13v Full-page miniatures on fols. 25v, 36v, 38v, 41v, 44v, 46v, 48v, and 50v Full-page miniatures on fols. 63v, 85v, 92v, 97v, 101v, 106v, and 110v; miniatures on fols. 52r, 64r, 86r, 93r, 98r, 102r, 107r, and 111r; historiated initials on fols. 74v, 76r, 77r, 78r, 78v, 79r, 80v, 82v, 118v, 125r, 134v, 139r, 139v, 140r, 140v, 141r, 141v, 142r, 142v, 143r, 143v, and 145v One full-page miniature on fol. 178v One full-page miniature on fol. 244v Nineteen full-page miniatures mark the beginning of each hour, with foliate margins on three sides and with eight smaller miniatures and matching foliate margins on the facing text page; twenty-two historiated initials (9 lines) and large blue and rose floral initials against gold grounds (5-7 lines) for major text divisions; smaller initials in gold against blue and rose grounds (2-4 lines) beginning each calendar page and also marking secondary text divisions; rubrics and major feast days in rose; text in brown ink Salvator Mundi Fifteen Prayers on the Passion Full-page miniature Trinity: Throne of Grace Suffrages Full-page miniature St. Christopher carrying Christ Suffrages Full-page miniature St. Julian the Hospitaller ferrying Christ across river Suffrages Full-page miniature Erasmus martyred Suffrages Full-page miniature St. Gabriel Suffrages Full-page miniature St. Mary Magdalene Suffrages Full-page miniature St. Catherine of Alexandria Suffrages Full-page miniature St. Barbara Suffrages Full-page miniature St. Margaret Suffrages Full-page miniature Annunciation Hours of the Virgin Large miniature The betrayal and arrest of Christ Hours of the Virgin Full-page miniature Visitation Hours of the Virgin Large miniature Initial "V" with the Pentecost Hours of the Virgin Historiated Inital "V," 7 lines Initial "M" with St. Michael slaying the devil Hours of the Virgin Historiated initial "M," 6 lines Initial "P" with SS. Peter and Paul Hours of the Virgin Historiated initial "P," 7 lines Initial "A" with St. Andrew Hours of the Virgin Historiated initial "A," 7 lines Initial "S" with St. Stephen holding two stones Hours of the Virgin Historiated initial "S," 7 lines Initial "L" with St. Lawrence with grill and book Hours of the Virgin Historiated initial "L," 7 lines Initial "B" with St. Nicholas as bishop blessing three boys Hours of the Virgin Historiated initial "B," 7 lines Initial "O" with All Saints Hours of the Virgin Historiated initial "O," 7 lines Christ before Pilate Hours of the Virgin Full-page miniature Nativity Hours of the Virgin Large miniature Flagellation Hours of the Virgin Full-page miniature Annunciation to the Shepherds Hours of the Virgin Large miniature Christ carrying the Cross Hours of the Virgin Full-page miniature Adoration of the Magi Hours of the Virgin Large miniature Crucifixion Hours of the Virgin Full-page miniature The Presentation in the Temple Hours of the Virgin Large miniature The Deposition Hours of the Virgin Full-page miniature The Massacre of the Innocents Hours of the Virgin Large miniature The Entombment Hours of the Virgin Full-page miniautre The Flight into Egypt Hours of the Virgin Large miniature Initial "S" with the Annunciation Devotional sequence Historiated initial "S," 7 lines Initial "O" with the Pietà Devotional sequence Historiated initial "O," 7 lines Initial "V" with the Presentation of the Virgin Devotional sequence Historiated initial "V," 6 lines Initial "O" with Christ nailed and tied to the Cross by two men Devotional sequence Historiated initial "O," 7 lines Initial "A" with St. Veronica holding the veil with the image of the Holy Face Hours of the Virgin: Devotional Sequence, Prayer to Christ's head crowned with thorns Historiated initial "A," 6 lines Initial "S" with hand with bleeding wound rising from a jagged blue cloud Hours of the Virgin: Devotional Sequence, Prayer to Christ's right hand Historiated initial "S," 6 lines Initial "A" with a bleeding hand, rising from a white X Hours of the Virgin: Devotional Sequence, Prayer to Christ's left hand Historiated initial "A," 6 lines Initial "O" with blood streaming from a gash in a white heart at the center and from four round white wounds in the corners Hours of the Virgin: Devotional Sequence, Prayer to Christ's side-wound Historiated initial "O," 6 lines Initial "S" with foot with red wound issuing from a jagged blue cloud above Hours of the Virgin: Devotional Sequence, Prayer to Christ's right foot Historiated initial "S," 6 lines Initial "L" with a foot issuing from a white X above Hours of the Virgin: Devotional Sequence, Prayer to Christ's left foot Historiated initial "L," 6 lines Initial "O" with the Virgin and Child revered by an angel and a laic Devotional seqeunce Historiated initial "O," 7 lines Initial "I" with St. John the Evangelist with a gold chalice Devotional sequence Historiated initial "I," 6 lines Initial "D" with the Crucifixion with thieves Devotional sequence Historiated initial "D," 7 lines The Raising of Lazarus Office of the Dead Full-page miniature St. Jerome in his study Psalter of St. Jerome Full-page miniature

Rebound in the late nineteenth-early twentieth century by Léon Gruel in Paris; crimson velvet with worn nap; sewn on three recessed cords; spine rounded and backed; edges regilded with traces of gauffering

 Ca. 1460-70 CE Bruges, Flanders Made in Bruges, ca. 1460-70, for the use of Sarum; many English saints in calendar Modern ownership notation on front pastedown: number "4" in blue crayon followed by "I.III.16" written in pencil Léon Gruel, Paris, late nineteenth or early twentieth century, Gruel and Engelmann bookplate on front pastedown inscribed "N. 935" Henry Walters, Baltimore, between 1895 and 1931, by purchase from Gruel Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Owens, M. B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1987; p. 402. De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 792, cat. no. 224. Smeyers, Maurits. "A Mid-Fifteenth Century Book of Hours from Bruges in the Walters Art Gallery (MS. 721) and Its Relation to the Turin-Milan Hours." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 46 (1988): 55-76; p. 74. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 282-289, cat. no. 256. Sandler, Lucy Freeman. "Hours of the Virgin and Short Office of the Cross." In Splendor of the Word: Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts at the New York Public Library." Edited by Jonathan J.G. Alexander, James H. Marrow, and Lucy Freeman Sadler. New York: New York Public Library, 2005; p. 240 (n. 1), cat. no. 49. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book of Hours Flemish Historiated initial Illumination Manuscript Miniature Walters Art Museum Flanders 15th century Devotion Christian Book Codex Painting