Walters Ms. W.220, Book of Hours Calendar Gospel sequences and prayers Hours of the Cross Devotional Sequence Hours of the Virgin Hours of the Compassion of the Virgin Two prayers to the Virgin Suffrages and prayers Seven Penitential Psalms Litany, petitions, and collects Office of the Dead Book of Hours artist Vrelant, Willem, -1481 Willem Vrelant and associates Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Ransom, Allison Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 This Book of Hours was created ca. 1450-55 in Bruges by Willem Vrelant and associates. It was commissioned for its first owners, a husband and wife, who are depicted on fols. 138r and 150v, respectively. This book contains eighteen extant miniatures, including many unusual thematic depictions, such as the Buffeting of Christ (fol. 24r) in the Hours of the Cross, and a very Dürer-like depiction of the Holy Face in the Suffrages (fol. 146r). Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.220 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 231v Book of Hours artist 1r - 12v Calendar Januarius habet dies xxxi. luna vero. xxx. Full calendar; graded in rose and dark brown ink; contents suggest Bruges; saints of note include Geneviéve (Jan. 3), Hyacinth (Jan. 30), Amandus (Feb. 6), Annunciation to the Virgin (Mar. 12, also Mar. 25), Eligius (Jun. 25), Amalberga (Jul. 10), Donatian (Aug. 30), Peter (Oct. 29), Eligius (Dec. 1), Felix (Dec. 22) 14r - 23r Gospel sequences and prayers Fols. 14r-20v: Gospel sequences for John, Luke, Matthew, and Mark; fols. 21r-23r: Seven prayers for reciting when retiring to bed, awakening, and arising 24r - 27v Hours of the Cross Domine labia mea 27v - 42r Devotional Sequence Hic incipiunt hore sancti spiritus Domine labia mea Fols. 28r-32r: Hours of the Holy Spirit, headed on fol. 27v; fols. 32r-39v: Mass of the Virgin, two prayers including Oracio (fol. 38v) and Alia Oracio (fol. 39r); fols. 39v-42r: Prayer on Sorrow of the Virgin by the Cross 42r - 112r Hours of the Virgin Hic Incipiunt hore beatissime virginis marie Secundum usum Romane ecclesie. et primo ad matutinas. Domine labia mea artist 112v - 137r Hours of the Compassion of the Virgin Incipiunt hore de compassione Domine labia mea 137r - 145r Two prayers to the Virgin Oratio devota ad beatam gloriosam virginem mariam Obsecro te Fol. 138v: Obsecro te; fol. 142r: O Intemerata 145r - 157v Suffrages and prayers Ad ymaginem domini nostri ihesu. Salve sancta facies nostri salvatoris Fols. 145r-147v: Suffrage to the Holy Face; fols. 147v-152r: Suffrages to John the Baptist (fol. 147v), All Angels (fols. 148v-150r), and Catherine (fols. 150r-152r); fols. 152r-157v: Prayers for entering or passing a cemetery, entering a church, and Communion 157v - 170v Seven Penitential Psalms Incipiunt septem psalmi penitenciales Domine ne in furore tuo 170v - 186r Litany, petitions, and collects Kyrieleyson Fols. 170v-177r: Litany, including invocations to the Trinity, the Virgin, and All Saints, as well as atypical citation for St. John the Baptist; six apostles and evangelists, including Peter, Paul, Andrew, James the Greater, John Evangelist, and Philip; six martyrs, including Stephen, Lawrence, Vincent, Thomas (Becket), John (Evangelist), and Paul; seven confessors, including Martin, Nicholas, Benedict, Bernard, Augustine, Ghislain, Jerome; thirteen virgins, including Mary Magdalene, Agatha, Agnes, Catherine, Margaret, Barbara, Elizabeth, Geneviéve, Gertrude, Ursula and companions, Juliana, Cecilia, and Lucy; fols. 177r-184r: Petitions, including eighteen beginning "Ab", forty six beginning "Per", references to the Passion and parts of Christ's body and invocations; fols. 184r-186r: Four collects, headed "Oracio" or "Alia oracio" which cite the crown of thorns, the crucifixion and Christ's blood 186r - 231v Office of the Dead Incipiunt vigilie mortuorum. et primo antiphona Dilexi quoniam exaudiet Fols. 193r-195r: Six collects at end of vespers; fols. 225r-231v: Mass for the faithful dead

Thin to medium-weight, well-finished parchment

 Foliation: i+231+i15.4 10.0 7.0 4.9 Modern pencil foliation upper right corners, rectos

Quire 1: 12 (fols. 1-12); Quire 2: 10, with first folio tipped in (fols. 13-23); Quire 3: 10 (fols. 24-33); Quire 4-8: 8 (fols. 34-73); Quires 9-11: 10 (fols. 74-103); Quires 12-17: 8 (fols. 104-151); Quire 18: 6 (fols. 152-157); Quires 19-21: 8 (fols. 158-181); Quire 22: 10 (fols. 182-191); Quires 23-27: 8 (fols. 192-231) Somewhat extant in lower right corner of rectos in first half of quire, notably fol. 16r and fol. 42r Extant on last verso of each quire starting on fol. 33v

Ruled in pale mauve; layout does not apply to calendar: written space: 4.8 x 6.9 cm, 3 columns, 17 lines Written in littera cursiva formata Large miniature on fol. 14r Large miniature on fol. 24r Large miniature on fol. 28r Double-page miniature on fols. 42v-43r; large miniatures on fols. 64r, 77r, 84r, 89r, 94r, and 99r Large miniature on fol. 113r Large miniature on fol. 138v Large miniatures on fols. 146r, 148r, and 150v Large miniature on fol. 158r Large miniature on fol. 187r Eighteen large miniatures (two full-page); decorated initials at major text openings below miniatures (5 lines); small decorated initials at eight text openings (3-4 lines); flourished initials at secondary text openings, "K L" in calendar and versals (2 lines); foliate borders surrounding miniatures with marginalia on pages with double-page miniatures; line fillers mostly in litany (1 line); rubrics in red; text in brown ink Four Evangelists Gospel sequences Large miniature Mocking and Buffeting of Christ Hours of the Cross Large miniature Pentecost Hours of the Holy Spirit Large miniature Annunciation Hours of the Virgin: Matins Full-page miniature Visitation Hours of the Virgin: Lauds Large miniature Nativity Hours of the Virgin: Prime Large miniature Annunciation to Shepherds Hours of the Virgin: Terce Large miniature Adoration of the Magi Hours of the Virgin: Sext Large miniature Presentation in the Temple Hours of the Virgin: None Large miniature Massacre of an Innocent Hours of the Virgin: Vespers Large miniature Coronation of the Virgin Hours of the Virgin: Compline Large miniature Pietà/Lamentation Hours of the Compassion of the Virgin Large miniature Virgin and Child adored by male patron Two prayers to the Virgin: Obsecro te Large miniature Holy Face Suffrage to the Holy Face Large miniature St. John the Baptist Suffrage to St. John the Baptist Large miniature St. Catherine presents female patron to Christ Suffrage to St. Catherine Full-page miniature King David penitent Seven Penitential Psalms Large miniature Burial service Office of the Dead Large miniature

Nineteenth-century re-binding from either Belgium or France; black textured leather; upper and lower boards framed by three fillets; possibly original page sewing; spine naturally rounded with five slightly raised bands surrounded by three fillets; endbands in pink and white silk with edge-bead; gilt edges

 Ca. 1450-1455 CE Bruges Completed by followers of Willem Vrelant ca. 1450-1455 in Bruges for unidentified patrons, depicted on fols. 138r and 150v Sold by Eugéne Paillet, Paris, to Damascéne Morgand, 1887 Henry Walters, Baltimore, acquired before 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Beraldi, H., Bibliothéque d'un bibliophile, Paris 1885, p. 1, no. 2 Morgand, D., Bulletin 20, Feb. 1887, p. 69, no. 12057 Morgand, D., Catalogue Eugéne Paillet, Paris 1887, p. 67, no. 332 De Ricci, S., and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 796, no. 250. Delaissé, L.M.J., "An Exhibition of Netherlandish Book Illumination, April 22 through May 12" (Oberlin College), Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 17/3, 1960, p. 94-113 Farquhar, J.D., Creation and Imitation, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 1976, figs. 11-14, 24, 47, 61, 80, 81, 83, 86 Farquhar, J.D., "The Manuscript as Book", Pen to Press: Illustrated Manuscripts and Printed Books in the First Century of Printing, University of Maryland, College Park, Baltimore 1977, p. 81-96, fig. 22 Marrow, J.H., "Study of the Miniatures" in Beuken, Willem Hendrik, and James H. Marrow. 1979. Spiegel van den leven ons Heren = Mirror of the life of our Lord : diplomatic edition of the text and facsimile of the 42 miniatures of a 15th century typological life of Christ in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. Doornspijk: Davaco, p. 74, fig. 2 Jenni, U, Thoss, D., Das Schwarze Gebetbuch (Gebetbuch des Galeazzo Maria Sforza): Codex 1856 der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Wien. Kommentar zur Faksimileausgabe, Frankfurt 1982, p. 64, fig. 106 Rogers, N.J., "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century," M.Phil, Cambridge University, 1982, p. 300-324 Buttner, F. O., Imitatio Pietatis: Motive der christlichen Ikonographie als Modelle zur Verahnlichung, Berlin 1983, p. 159 Pacht, O., Jenni, U, and Thoss, D., Die Illuminierten Handschriften und Inkunabeln der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil. -Hist. Klasse, Denkschriften, Vienna, 1983, vol. 1, pp. 88, 91, vol. 2, fig. 102 Cardon, B., Lievens, R., and Smeyers, M., "Typologische Taferelen uit het leven van Jezus: A Manuscript from the Gold Scrolls Group (Bruges, ca. 1440) in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, Ms. Morgan 649," Louvain, 1985, p. 138 Owens, M.B., "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders", Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1987, p. 413. Dogaer, G., "Flemish Miniature Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries," Amsterdam, 1987, p. 103 Plummer, J., "'Use' and Beyond Use,'" followed by "A Bruges Calendar," Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life, exhibition catalog, Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, New York, 1988 Smeyers, M., "A Mid-Fifteenth Century Book of Hours from Bruges in the Walters Art Gallery (MS. 721) and Its Relation to the Turin-Milan Hours," Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 46 (1988): 68, 75 Bravi, G.O., "Codici e incunaboli minitai della Biblioteca Civica di Bergamo," Bergamo, 1989, p. 426 Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3. Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1989; pp. 210-219, cat. no. 244 Lacaze, C., "A Little-Known Manuscript from the Workshop of Master Pancraz," in Masters and Miniatures: proceedings of the Congress on Medieval Manuscript Illumination in the Northern Netherlands (Utrecht, 10-13 December 1989), edited by Koert van der Horst and Johann-Christian Klamt 1991, p. 259 Domínguez Rodriguez, A., et. al., "Libro de Horas de Isabel la Católica," Madrid, 1991, p. 21 Bousmanne, B., "Prolégoménes á la constitution et á l'interprétation d'un corpus des manuscrits attribués au groupe Vrelant: Un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Bays-Bas méridionaux au XV siécle," Ph.D. dissertation, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1994, pp. 24, 226-234 Sotheby’s. Western Manuscripts and Miniatures. New York: Sotheby’s Firm, 1994; p. 97. Reinburg, Virginia. “Praying to Saints in the Middle Ages.” Saints: Studies in Hagiography. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 141. Edited by Sandro Sticca, 269-282. Binghamton, New York, 1996; pp. 271 (n. 4), 273 (fig. 1). Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1997; pp. 37-38, 43, 71, 79-81, 98, 112, 117, 121, 133, 149, 165, 189, 217-219 (no. 1.IV.6;102), 317, 343 (n. 35), 349 (n. 5), 354 (n. 25), 377. Hindman, Sandra. “Gerard David’s Holy Face.” In The Robert Lehman Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Volume IV:
Illuminations. Edited by Sandra Hindman, Mirella Levi D'Ancona, Pia Palladino, and Maria Francesca Saffiotti, 86-91. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997; p. 89 (ref. under cat. No. 11). Sponsler, Claire. Drama and Resistance: Bodies, Goods, and Theatricality in Late Medieval England. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997; pp. 128 (fig. 5), 194 (n. 87). Noel, William. "Books in the Home: Psalters and Books of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 56-67. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; pp. 56 (fig. 1), 63. Marrow, James H. “Book of Hours in Latin and French: Flanders (Bruges), ca. 1430: Miniatures by the Masters of the Gold Scrolls. NYPL MA 28.” In The Splendor of the Word: Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts at the New York Public Library. Edited by Jonathan J.G. Alexander, James H. Marrow, and Lucy Freeman Sandler, 283-286. NY: New York Public LibrarySplendor of the Word: Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts at the New York Public Library, 2005; p. 286 (ref. under cat. no. 63). Randall, Lilian M.C. “Frontal Heads in the Borders of Parisian and South Netherlandish Books of Hours, ca. 1415-60.” In Tributes in Honor of Jonathan J.G. Alexander: The Making and Meaning of Illuminated Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts, Art, and Architecture. Edited by Susan L’Engle and Gerald B. Gest, 249-268. Turnhout, Belgium: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2006; p. 259, fig. 7. Reinburg, Virginia. French Books of Hours: Making an Archive of Prayer, C.1400-1600. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012; pp. viii,163 (n. 126), 164 (fig. 24), 174. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book of Hours Christian Flemish Book Codex Illumination Manuscript Miniature Walters Art Museum Flanders 15th century Devotion Painting