Walters Ms. W.239, Book of Hours Calendar Added suffrages to SS. Margaret, Sebastian, and Anthony Hours of the Cross Mass of the Virgin and Gospel Sequences Hours of the Virgin Advent Office of the Virgin Seven Penitential Psalms Office of the Dead Litany, petitions, and collects Book of Hours artist Master of the Gold Scrolls and followers Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbold, Rebekah Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Wallace, Susan Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 This Book of Hours of ca. 1430-45 was illuminated by the followers of the Masters of the Gold Scrolls under North Netherlandish influence, suggesting an origin in Bruges. The manuscript, which is partially misbound, is decorated with thirteen extant miniatures (ten full-page, inserted), three historiated initials, and drolleries. In addition to a diverse collection of South Netherlandish, North French, and occasional English saints, this manuscript also features suffrages (namely SS. Margaret, Sebastian, and Anthony) that were added early. The manuscript has traces of different hands and artists throughout: in addition to mismatched borders, where the same design has been painted by different hands, there is also the unusual presence of an artist’s stamp visible in the form of a circle of thistles, which is found on the inside edge of the miniatures. An added frontispiece miniature featuring an armorial shield with an ostrich-plumed helmet crest seemingly attributes the manuscript to a younger son of the de Mailly branch of the Mametz family in Picardy (identified by Michel Pastoureau). Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.239 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 131v Book of Hours artist 1r - 6v Calendar Januarius habet dies. xxxi. luna. xxx. Calendar less than half full, graded in red and black; Egyptian days designated by "D" in some months; a combination of South Netherlandish and North French, with occasional English saints; feasts of note include: Amandus (Feb. 6), Milburga (Feb. 23), David (Mar. 1, confessor), Valeric (Apr. 1, "Walricii episcopi"), Sixtus (Apr. 9, "p[a]pe & m[arti]ris"), Amalberga (May 14, regularly July 10), Brendan (May 17), Eligius (June 25, Translation), Walburga (Aug. 4, this date marks departure from England; feast on Aug. 6 in Bruges calendar), Aegydius (Sept. 1), Bertin (Sept. 5), Remigius and Bavo (Oct. 1), Francis (Oct. 4), Donatian (Oct. 14), Livin (Nov. 12), Maclovius (Nov. 15, "Machuti episcopi"), Elizabeth of Hungary (Nov. 19, "Elyzabeth uidue"), Clement (Nov. 23), Catherine (Nov. 25), Eligius (Dec. 1), Lazarus (Dec. 12), Thomas Becket (Dec. 29, "Thome martyris") 7v - 12r Added suffrages to SS. Margaret, Sebastian, and Anthony De sancta margareta Gaude virgo margareta Added early; fols. 8r-9r: Margaret (rhyming); fols. 9v-10v: Sebastian; fols. 11r-12r: Anthony 13v - 16v Hours of the Cross Officium sancti crucis. Ad matutinam Domine labia mea 17r - 21v 23r - 24v 29r - 29v Mass of the Virgin and Gospel Sequences Incipit missa beate virginis Introibo ad altare Dei Misbound; fols. 17r-21r and 23r-24v: Mass of the Virgin; fols. 21r-v and 29r: John 1:1-14; fols. 29v and 23r: Matthew 2:1-12; fols. 24r-v: Mark 16:14-20 Gospel of John appears partway through Mass of the Virgin (fols. 21r-v, 29r); Luke follows (fols. 29r-v, 23r); Gospels and Mass of the Virgin misbound 25r - 28v 22r - 22v 30r - 77v Hours of the Virgin Officium beate marie virginis secundum usum romane curie. Ad matuinam. Domine labia mea aperies Misbound 78v - 84v Advent Office of the Virgin Officium beate marie virginis quod dicitur per totum adventum. Ad vesperas. Deus in adiutorium meum 85v - 95r Seven Penitential Psalms Septem psalmi penitentiales Domine ne in furore tuo 101v - 131v Office of the Dead Antiphona. Placebo Dilexi quoniam exaudiet Dominus vocem orationis mea 95r - 100v Litany, petitions, and collects Kyrie eleison Netherlandish and French saints; including John the Baptist as sole patriarch/prophet; sixteen apostles from Peter to Mark; seventeen martyrs including: Cornelius, Quintinus, Lambert, Callistus; seventeen confessors, seven popes, followed by Nicolas, Benedict, Amandus, Bavo, Anthony, Francis, Dominic, Leonard, Elegies, Aegydius; fifteen virgins, such as Mary Magdalene, Mary Egyptian, Catherine, Barbara, Agatha, Anne, Clare, Elizabeth (of Hungary?), Gertrude, Walburga; fols. 97v-100r: Petitions, invocations, nine versicles; fol. 100r-v: three collects

Highly prepared parchment of medium weight and average selection; flyleaves of modern parchment

 Foliation: i+131+i16.7 12.3 9.0 6.0 Earlier pencil foliation, partially erased, lower right corners rectos; modern pencil foliation upper right corners rectos (used here)

Quire 1: 6 (fols. 1-6); Quire 2: 4, with first and sixth folios added (fols. 7-12); Quire 3: 8 with ninth folio added (fols. 13-21); Quires 4-5: 8 (fols. 22-37); Quire 6: 6 (fols. 38-43); Quire 7: 8, with sixth folio added (fols. 44-52); Quire 8: 8 with second, seventh, and tenth folios added and a folio cancelled (fols. 53-64); Quire 9: 8, with third folio added (fols. (65-73); Quire 10: 4 (fols. 74-77); Quire 11: 6, with first folio added (fols. 78-84); Quire 12: 8, with first folio added (fols. 85-93); Quire 13: 6, with seventh folio tipped in (fols. 94-100); Quire 14: 8, with first folio added (fols. 101-109); Quires 15-16: 8 (fols. 110-125); Quire 17: 6 (fols. 126-131) None None Most miniatures inserted; quire 2 was originally a quire of four folios with two folios added, resulting in a quire of six folios; quires 4-5 are misbound (see Mass of the Virgin for details); quire 8 has an added bifolium as well as two tipped in images

 Ruled in pale rose ink; layout does not apply to calendar: written area 5.7 x 10.3 cm, 4 columns of 34 lines Textura Full-page miniatures fols. 7v, 8r, 9v, and 11r; miniature on fol. 7v is not a saint and appears to be connected with ownership of the manuscript; historiated initials fols. 8r, 9v, and 11r Full page miniature fol. 13v; large decorated initial fol. 14v Full-page miniature fols. 49v, 54v, 59v, 63v, and 67v; large decorated initial fols. 25r, 40r, 50r, 55r, 60r, 64r, 68r, and 74r Full-page miniature fol. 78v; large decorated initial fol. 79r Full-page miniature fol. 85v; large decorated initial fol. 86r Full-page miniature fol. 101v; large decorated initial fol. 102r Ten extant full-page miniatures, three smaller miniatures (13 lines) paired with three historiated initials (4 lines); foliate borders around pages with miniatures, borders do not match and are more densely painted where miniatures open to facing text, decorated illuminated initials opposite text to opening full-page miniatures (5-6 lines); small decorated initials at secondary text divisions (2 lines); five ciphers at secondary text divisions (fols. 8v, 10r, 11v, 45v, 100r); 'K L' initials in calendar (3 lines); small flourished initials in alternating blue and gold for versals (1 line); geometric line fillers in blue and gold; rubrics in red; text in dark brown ink. Note: artist stamp found on the inner border of miniatures in the form of a circle of light brown thistles (5mm) Woman holding a white chain attached to a coat of arms on the ground Full-page miniature St. Margaret issuing from dragon; Initial "G" with St. Margaret guarding sheep Added suffrages: St. Margaret Miniature; historiated initial "G," 4 lines St. Sebastian martyred; Initial "O" with St. Sebastian in a landscape Added suffrages: St. Sebastian Miniature; Historiated initial "O," 4 lines St. Anthony; Initial "O" with Temptation of St. Anthony Added suffrages: St. Anthony Miniature; Historiated initial "O," 4 lines Crucifixion Full-page miniature Nativity-Adoration Hours of the Virgin: Prime Full-page miniature Annunciation to the Shepherds Hours of the Virgin: Terce Full-page miniature Massacre of an Innocent Hours of the Virgin: Sext (presumably misbound from Vespers) Full-page miniature Adoration of the Magi Hours of the Virgin: None (presumably misbound from Sext) Full-page miniature Presentation in the Temple Hours of the Virgin: Vespers (presumably misbound from None) Full-page miniature Crowned Virgin blessed by God Full-page miniature Last Judgment Full-page miniature Mourners and corpse Full-page miniature

Early nineteenth-century French red leather binding; gold tooling with foliate and floral designs on boards and spine; similar to binding signed Gaudreau, although no signature is present; gilded title on spine reads "Officium M. S."; page edges are gilded

 Ca. 1430-1445 CE Bruges (?) Created ca. 1430-45; illuminated by followers of the Masters of the Gold Scrolls, North Netherlandish influence, which suggests Bruges De Mailly branch of the Mametz family of Picardy (?), mid-to-late fifteenth century, suggested by an armorial shield (fol. 7v) Rev. Henry White, Litchfield, second half of the nineteenth century; added entry by White (?) of "MCCCL" Sold in Rev. White's sale London, Sotheby's, April 21, 1902, to D. Robson, London bookseller Sotheby's, London, resold on May 6, 1909, to Robson Gruel and Engelmann, Paris, between 1909 and 1931, their bookplate inscribed with "No=957" on front pastedown, sale slip formerly affixed to back flyleaf i Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel before 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 790, cat. no. 209. Farquhar, James Douglas. "Identity in an Anonymous Age: Bruges Manuscript Illuminators and Their Signs," Viator II (1980): pp. 380, 382, fig. 10. Dogaer, Georges. Flemish Miniature Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries. Amsterdam: B. M. Israël, 1987; p. 31. Farquhar, James Douglas. "Manuscript Production and Evidence for Localizing and Dating Fifteenth-Century Books of Hours: Walters MS 239." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 45 (1987): passim, figs. 1-17. Gifford, E. M. "Pattern and Style in a Flemish Book of Hours: Walters MS 239." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 45 (1987): passim. Christie's. New York, December 7, 1988; ref. under lot 23. Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. Exhibition Catalogue, the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. New York: George Braiziller, 1988; pp. 30, 125, 211, cat. no. 87, fig. 110. Smeyers, Maurits, and B. Cardon. "Utrecht and Bruges: South and North 'Boundless Relations' in the 15th Century." In Masters and Miniatures (1989); p. 101. Smeyers, Maurits. "Pre-Eyckian Manuscripts: Mass Production and Workshop Practices I." In Le dessin sous-jacent dans la peinture, ed. R. van Schoute and H. Verougstraete-Marcq. Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut Supérieur d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de l'Art, Colloque IX (September 12-14, 1991), Document de travail 27; pp. 59-74. Alexander, J. J. G. Medieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Work. New Haven: 1992; p. 174. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 2, France, 1420-1540. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1992; p. 273 (ref. under cat. no. 157, W. 252). Rogers, N. J. "The Miniature of St. John the Baptist in Gonville and Caius MS 241/127 and Its Context." Fifteenth Century Flemish Manuscripts. Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 10.2 (1992): p. 128. Wieck, Roger S. “The Death Desired: Books of Hours and the Medieval Funeral.” In Death and Dying in the Middle Ages. Edited by Edelgard E. DuBruck and Barbara I. Gusick, 431-476. New York: Peter Lang, 1999; pp. 437 (as fig. 8), 446 (n. 9), 456 (fig. 8). Van Bergen, Saskia. “The Production of Flemish Books of Hours for the English Market.” In Manuscripts in Transition: Recycling Manuscripts, Texts, and Images. Proceedings of the International Congres held in Brussels (5-9 November 2002). Edited by Brigitte Dekeyzer and Jan van der Stock, 271-284. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, 2005; p. 282. Luyster, Amanda. “Two Books of Hours: The Gold Scrolls Group, England, and Internationalism in the Fifteenth Century.” In Catholic Collecting: Catholic Reflections (1538-1850). Exhibition Catalogue, College of the Holy Cross and the Cantor Art Gallery, February 22-April 13, 2006. Edited by Virginia C. Raguin, 89-101. Worcester, MA: Trustees of the College of the Holy Cross, 2006; p. 95. Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Le cycle d'enfance des petites de la vierge dans les livres d'heures des pays-bas méridionaux." In Manuscripten en miniaturen: Studies aangeboden aan Anne S. Korteweg bij haar afscheid van de Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Boekhandel. Nieuwe Reeks (8). Edited by Jos Biemans, Klaas van der Hoek, Kathryn M. Rudy, and Ed van der Vlist, 355-366. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2007; p. 362. Yoshikawa, Naoë Kukita. Margery Kempe's Meditations: The Context of Medieval Devotional Literature, Liturgy, and Iconography. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2007; p. 162 (n. 57). Ubl, Matthias. "'The Office of the Dead': a New Interpretation of the Spes Nostra Painting." The Rijksmuseum Bulletin 61 (2013): pp. 323-337. 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