Walters Ms. W.289, Book of Hours Calendar Devotional Sequence Psalms for canonical hours in Office of the Virgin Hours of the Virgin Hours of the Conception of the Virgin Office of the Nativity of the Virgin Office of the Annunciation Office of the Purification of the Virgin Office of the Assumption of the Virgin Office of the Nativity of Christ Seven Penitential Psalms, litany, and collects Office of Easter Office of Pentecost Office of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist Office of All Saints Office of the Dead Hours of the Cross Devotional Sequence Book of Hours Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Han, Yuna Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This richly illustrated Book of Hours was created in the second quarter of the fifteenth century, possibly in Poitiers, France, as shown by the strong representation of the local saints in the calendar and litany. The Hours of the Virgin and succeeding offices are for the Use of Rome, while the Office of the Dead is for the Use of Paris with minor variants. The initial female owner is portrayed on fol. 15r. Her identity remains unrevealed as her armorial shields in the initials from fols. 15r and 111v are effaced. While taking a Breviary as a source for its design, the book presents a few unusual features, such as its relatively large format and two-column layout. The most distinctive element is, however, the inclusion of several atypical Offices, which resulted in the introduction of exceptional pictorial themes as well: for example, the Office of the Assumption begins with the image of the Virgin handing over her girdle to the Doubting Thomas. At Matins in the Hours of the Virgin, the traditional image of the Annunciation was also replaced by the representation of the Resurrected Christ appearing to His mother under Franciscan influence-this event was counted as the sixth Joy of the Virgin in the text of the “Franciscan Crown of Rosary Prayers.” The artistic style of the Bedford Master’s influence permeates most of the pictorial program in this manuscript. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.289 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 201v Book of Hours Hours of the Virgin for Use of Rome; Office of the Dead for Use of Paris with minor variants; selection of Offices influenced by Breviary 1r - 6v Calendar Calendar about two thirds filled, graded in red and brown; Egyptian days specified by abbreviations; combination of saints for Use of Rome and local saints venerated in Northeastern France and Poitiers; pronounced devotion for Franciscan saints; feasts of note include: Sabinianus (Jan. 24), Flavia (May 7), Francis (May 25, translation), Antony (June 13), Cirycus and Julitta (June 16), Silverius (June 17), Maxentius and Eligius (June 25), Cyprian (July 14), Margaret (July 20), Dominic (Aug. 4), Radegundis (Aug. 13), Philibert (Aug. 20), Antoninus (Sep. 2), Francis (Oct. 4), Dionysius and companions (Oct. 9), Florentius (Oct. 17), Benedict (Oct. 23, bishop of Poitiers), Martin (Oct. 24), Quintinus (Oct. 31), Leonard (Nov. 6), Triphon and Respicius (Nov. 10) 7r - 14v Devotional Sequence Fols. 7r-10r: John 1.1-14, Luke 1.26-38, Matthew 2.1-12, Mark 16.14-20; fols. 10v-11r: Prayer to Christ; fols. 11r-12v: Prayer on Seven Last Words of Christ; fols. 12v-13r: Prayer to the Virgin; fols. 13r-v: Prayer to All Saints; fols. 13v-14v: Six prayers to Christ 15r - 33v Psalms for canonical hours in Office of the Virgin Canticles at the end of Lauds and Compline; French headings for Vespers and Compline 34r - 51v Hours of the Virgin Use of Rome; fols. 34r-44v: Office from Matins through Compline for recitation on Sunday, Monday, and Thursday; fols. 44r-50v: Office for other days, texts for specific seasons in liturgical year, French headings including detailed instructions; fols. 50v-51v: Vigils for next feast 52r - 59v Hours of the Conception of the Virgin Use of Rome; fols. 58v-59v: Vigils for next Office 60r - 66r Office of the Nativity of the Virgin Use of Rome; fol. 66r: Antiphon for Vespers of next office 66v - 72r Office of the Annunciation Fols. 71v-72r: Antiphon for Vespers of next Office 72v - 78r Office of the Purification of the Virgin Fols. 77v-78r: Vespers of vigils for next Office 78v - 87r Office of the Assumption of the Virgin Use of Rome 87v - 94r Office of the Nativity of Christ Use of Rome; fol. 94: Antiphon and Psalm 116.1 for Vespers of Easter vigils 94v - 104v Seven Penitential Psalms, litany, and collects Fols. 94v-100r: Seven Penitential Psalms; fols. 100r-104v: Litany, mostly saints venerated in northern France, Paris, Brittany, Poitou, Loire region; twenty-one martyrs including Gatianus, Thomas apostle, Victor, Dionysius, Maurice, Eustace, Nicasius, Quintinus, Arnulph; thirty-nine confessors including Leonard, Martin, Brictius, Marcellus, Magloire, firminus, Leufred, Aegydius, Lupus, Sulpicius, augustinie, Benedict (of Nursia, or bishop of Poitiers), Marcellinus, Germanus, Robert, Pancratius, Evurtius, Samson, Eutropious, Louis, Antony, Fiacre, Maturin, Maudetus, Julianus, Citronius (Poitous), Mamertus ('memerci'), Junianus, Maxentius (Poitous), Photinus ('Fortune'), Guillelmus, Lambert, Philibert, Ivo; twenty virgins including Mary Magdalene, Mary of Egypt, Felicitas, Perpetua Agatha, Agnes, Cecilia, Radegundis 'ora pro nobis' (the only name written on two lines and accompanied by imprecation quoted), Catherine, Geneviève, Marina, Opportuna, Brigid, Batildis, Margaret, Anne, Petronilla, Anastasia, Spes, Karitas; fols. 101v-103r: Petitions; fols. 103r-104r: Six collects 106r - 111r Office of Easter Matins 3-lesson; Vespers of Vigils for next Office (fols. 110v-111r) 111v - 121v Office of Pentecost Matins 3-lesson; Vespers of Vigils for next Office 122r - 134v Office of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist Matins 9-lesson; Vespers of Vigils of next Office (fol. 133v) 135r - 155r Office of All Saints Headed on fol. 134v: 'Ad matutinas omnium sanctorum' 156r - 180v Office of the Dead Use of Paris 181r - 186r Hours of the Cross 186v - 201v Devotional Sequence Fols. 186v-191r: Hours of the Holy Spirit; fols. 191r-195r: 'Obsecro te,' Prayers to Christ, Seven Verses of St. Bernard, thirteen Suffrages headed 'De...,' 'O intemerata,' Suffrage to St. Fiacre; fols. 195r-199v: Suffrages to SS. Anthony, Sebastian, Christopher, Trinity, Holy Spirit, Virgin, Cross, SS. John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, James, Peter, Paul, Julianus; fols. 199v-201v: Prayer to the Virgin; fol. 201v: Suffrage to St. Fiacre

Medium weight parchment, carefully selected and well prepared; flyleaves are post-medieval and modern parchment

 Foliation: iii+201+iv23.0 16.7 14.2 9.9 Modern pencil foliation, upper right corners rectos

Quire 1: 6 (fols. 1-6); Quires 2-3: 8 (fols. 7-22); Quire 4: 4, the third folio has been reattached (fols. 23-26); Quires 5-12: 8, inadvertent omission of one folio number after fol. 77, currently numbered as 77b (fols. 27-89); Quire 13: 8, only the first and last folios left, the rest removed (fols. 90-91); Quire 14: 8 (fols. 92-99); Quire 15: 6 (fols. 100-105); Quires 16-27: 8 (fols. 106-201) None Centered on versos of lower margins beginning from fol. 22v

Calendar has 5 columns and 33 lines Textura formata Sixteen miniatures less than full-page (fol. 15: 12 lines; fols. 34, 52, and 60: 14 or 15 lines; rest: 17 lines); decorated initials at major text divisions (3 lines) and at secondary text divisions (2 lines); gold versals on cusped blue and mauve ground with white patterns; U-shaped baguette frames miniatures and texts on fols. 15, 34, and 52, and thereafter, baguette at spine-edge only at major text divisions; margins often filled with acanthus and floral motifs; rubrics in red throughout; text in dark brown ink Virgin and St. John the Evangelist on altar with female manuscript owner at right Half-page miniature Christ carrying the cross before the Virgin Half-page miniature Meeting at the Golden Gate Half-page miniature Nativity and bath of the Virgin Half-page miniature Annunciation Half-page miniature Presentation in the Temple Half-page miniature Assumption of the Virgin, Holy Girdle presented to St. Thomas Half-page miniature Nativity Half-page miniature King David penitent Half-page miniature Resurrection Half-page miniature Pentecost Half-page miniature Birth of St. John the Baptist Half-page miniature Virgin, Christ, and saints Half-page miniature Burial service, St. Michael and devil battling for man's soul Half-page miniature Crucifixion Half-page miniature Baptism of Christ Half-page miniature

Rebound in Italy in late nineteenth- or early twentieth-century; faded olive green velvet; sewn on five straps; gilt edges

 Ca. 1450-1475 CE France (Poitiers ?) Created ca. 1480-90, perhaps in Poitiers; illuminated under strong influence of the Bedford Master; first female owner depicted on fol. 15r; traces of heraldic shields in initials on fols. 15r and 111v Leo S. Olschki, Florence bookseller, in the first quarter of the twentieth century; his inventory number '33002' penciled on flyleaf i, v Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Olschki before 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 792, cat. no. 223. Dayton Art Institute. Flight, Fantasy, Faith, Fact. Exhibition Catalogue. Dayton, Ohio: 1953; cat. no. 92, Pl. XII/b (fol. 156). Breckenridge, James D. "Et Prima Vidit: The Iconography of the Appearance of Christ to His Mother." The Art Bulletin 39, no. 1 (1957): 9–32, pp. 20 and 23, fig. 7 (fol. 34). Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Boucicaut Master. London: Phaidon, 1968; p. 147. Meiss, Millard. ”La mort et l'Office des Morts a l'époque du Maitre de Boucicaut et des Limbourg.” Revue de l'Art, nos. 1-2 (1968): 17-25; p. 20. Spencer, Eleanor P. "Dom Louis de Busco's Psalter." In Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy E. Miner. ed. Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall, Jr., 227-240. Baltimore: The Walters Art Gallery, 1974; p. 233, fig. 2. Spencer, Eleanor P. "The Hours of Anne de Neufville." Burlington Magazine 119 (1977): 704-9; p. 706. König, Eberhard. Französische Buchmalerei um 1450: Der Jouvenel-Maler, der Maler des Genfer Boccaccio und die Anfänge Jean Fouquets. Berlin : Mann, 1982; pp. 88-89 and passim. Owens, M. B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." Ph.D. diss, University of Chicago, 1987; pp. 211 and 460. Wieck, Roger Seymour. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. Exhibition Catalogue. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. New York: George Braziller, 1988; pp. 99, 185, cat. no. 33, Pl. 31 (fol. 94v). Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 2. France, 1420-1540. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1989; pp. 54-61, cat. no. 111. De Gex, Jenny. Bible Flowers. New York: Harmony Books, 1996; p. 28 (fol. 94v). Cerquiglini-Toulet, Jacqueline. The Color of Melancholy: The Uses of Books in the Fourteenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. Newman, Paul B. Daily Life in the Middle Ages. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.. 2001; p. 66. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book of Hours French Book Codex Illumination Manuscript Miniature France 15th century Devotion Walters Art Museum Christian Heraldry