Walters Ms. W.358, St. Basilius, De poetis legendis; Pseudo(?) Plutarch, De liberis educandis; Statius, Achilleid Preface to St. Basilius, De poetis legendis St. Basilius, De poetis legendis Preface to Plutarchus, De liberis educandis Pseudo(?) Plutarchus, De liberis educandis Statius, Achilleid Collection of Ancient texts Basil, the Great, Saint, Bishop of Caesarea, approximately 329-379 Magni basilius St. Basilius Plutarch Plutarchus While "Plutarchus" is inscribed in the manuscript, it is likely that the text was in actuality composed by a scholar in his circle, thus later scholarship suggests "Pseudo-Plutarch" is more accurate. Statius, P. Papinius (Publius Papinius) Cataloger Berlin, Nicole Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Cataloger Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934 Editor Herbert, Lynley Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Polidori, Elisabetta Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 Written in Italy in the third quarter of the fifteenth century, this manuscript contains works by St. Basilius, Pseudo(?) Plutarch, and Statius. The first two texts are Greek treatises on education that were translated into Latin, bearing witness to the Italian humanist revival of, and interest in, the study of ancient Greek. The translators of those texts, Leonardo Bruni (d.1444) and Guarino Veronese (d.1460), both studied Greek under the tutelage of Byzantine scholar Manuel Chrysoloras (d.1415), who was one of the first to introduce Greek literature to Western Europe. The third text by Statius was included as part of a compendium of texts frequently used by students studying Latin beginning in the tenth century. During this same period, Statius was confused with the rhetorician Statius Ursulus of Toulouse, who is mentioned in Jerome’s translation of Eusebius’ chronicles as active in 56 CE. Statius' full Roman name was Publius Papinius Statius, however due to his conflation with the rhetorician in the tenth century, there are a number of manuscripts that begin Statius' name with “Sucurlus” instead of “Publius.” This can be found for instance in an Italian incunabula that is contemporary with W.358, and which is also found in the Walters’ collection (91.1119). This suggests that this error may have been a regional phenomenon in Italy. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.358 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is Greek, Modern (1453-). 1r - 141v Collection of Ancient texts 3r - 5r Preface to St. Basilius, De poetis legendis Ego tibi hunc librum Coluci ex media ut aiunt Grecia delegi A dedication of the text from Leonard Bruni, the first to translate this text of St. Basilius from Greek to Latin, to his mentor and teacher Coluccio Salutati; Salutati brought famed Byzantine scholar Manuel Chrysoloras to Florence in order that he teach Greek to a small group of Humanists, including Bruni, allowing them to read texts like Aristotle and Plato in the original language 5r - 32r St. Basilius, De poetis legendis Multa sunt filii quae hortantur me ad ea vobis consulenda This is a short treatise written by St. Basilius for his students, suggesting how how to properly read and learn from "pagan" literature and, in part, is a defense of such texts so long as their contents is morally upright 33r - 35r Preface to Plutarchus, De liberis educandis Maiores nostros angele mi suavissime non ad mirari Dedicatory epistle of Italian humanist and classical scholar Guarino da Verona, the translator of De liberis educandis from Greek to Latin, to his student Angelo Corbinelli 35r - 72r Pseudo(?) Plutarchus, De liberis educandis Quid nam est quod de ingenuorum educatione liberorum dicere This is a treatise on the importance of raising and educating children in the correct manner 73r - 110r Statius, Achilleid Statii papinii surculi tholosensis achilleidos liber primus incipit Magnanimum aeaciden formidatamque tonanti progeniem et patrio vetitam succedere caelo This is an unfinished epic poem that describes the early life of Trojan War hero Achilles

Text written on thick rag paper; pages that were originally flyleaves are laid paper, with watermark evident on fol. 1 (possibly scales?)

 Foliation: 14115.7 11.5 10.8 7.5 Modern pencil foliation, upper right corners, rectos

Quire 1: 2 (fols. 1-2); Quire 2-14: 10 (fols. 3-132); Quire 15: 8, with a ninth leaf hooked (fols. 133-141) Occasionally visible in lower right corners rectos, as on fols. 43-47 Occasional catchwords, as on fol. 52v Quire 1 is bifolio, originally flyleaves

 First line of text written above ruling Humanist script, three different hands, one for each text Space left for the initial at the beginning of the St. Basilius preface (fol. 3r) and text (fol. 5r), Plutarch preface (fol. 33r) and text (fol. 35r), and Statius text (fol. 73r); guide letters "m" and "q" written in or near the space for the initial text for both the preface and text of Plutarch respectively Original binding with paper label Binding Rubric and incipit for Statius' Achilleid Statius' Achilleid Text page

Bound in Italy, third quarter of the fifteenth century; brown leather (calf?) over beech boards; blind tooled in a series of fillet lines; brass rosette-shaped studs at the junctures of some of the lines, at the border and in the center of each side, as well as on the edge of each compartment on the spine; evidence for a scarlet-stained single strap-clasp anchored to the front cover by two brass rosette-shaped studs; the trefoil-shaped brass catch plate still preserved on the back cover, previously decorated with a paschal lamb

 Third quarter of the 15th century CE Italy Created third quarter of fifteenth century, Italy, for unknown patron Thomas Payne and Henry Foss, Booksellers, London, ca. 1830; no. 611 in their catalog (pencil inscription "611 Payne" on fol. 1r) Sir Thomas Phillipps, London, ca. 1830, by purchase from Payne and Foss (ink inscription "Phillipps MS 4542" on fol. 1r) Maggs Bros., London, purchased from a sale of Phillipps' manuscripts on May 1, 1903 at Sotheby's London (then Sotheby's, Wilkinson and Hodge), lot 1094 Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Maggs Bros. (?) before 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 818, no. 373. Berry, Edmund G. "The De Liberis Educandis of Pseudo-Plutarch." Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 63 (1958): 387-99. Hays, Gregory. "The Pseudo-Fulgentian Super Thebaiden." In Vertis in Usum: Studies in Honor of Edward Courtney, edited by Cynthia Damon, John F. Miller, and K. Sara Myers. 200-218. Stuttgart: B.G. Teubner, 2012. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Textbook Scholarly compendium Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Literature Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Italian Book Codex Manuscript Original binding Italy 15th century Philosophy Scholarly compendium Textbook Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Humanistic Walters Art Museum Watermark History Literature -- Poetry