Walters Ms. W.35, Psalter, with added Office of the Dead and litany Calendar Liturgical Psalter Canticles Original litany, petitions, and collects Added litany, petitions, and collects Prayer to Christ Added Office of the Dead Psalter-Hours Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbert, Lynley Contributor Izer, Emily Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This manuscript was created in Flanders ca. 1270-80. Originally a standard liturgical Psalter, it was converted in the fourteenth century for the use of an English owner, possibly a cleric, through the addition of a second litany focused on English saints and an Office of the Dead. The illuminations, composed of vignettes depicting labors of the months in the calendar and historiated initials within the psalms themselves, belong to the first phase of production and are characteristic of Psalter iconography from the Bruges-Ghent region during this period. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.35 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 172v Psalter-Hours Psalter with second litany and Office of the Dead added in fourteenth century 1r - 6v Calendar Januarius habet dies .xxxi. Luna .xxx. Calendar originally a quarter full, closer to half full with fourteenth-century additions in brown ink; graded in red and black; Egyptian days indicated with a "D;" saints of note include Hilary (Jan. 10), Donatus (Mar. 1), Adrian (Mar. 4), Rufus (Apr. 19), Basil (June 14), Donatus (Aug. 7), Remacle (Sept. 3), Cosmas and Damian (Sept. 27), Bavo (Oct. 1), Benedicta (Oct. 8), All Saints (Nov. 1), All Souls (Nov. 2), Ignatius and "O sapiencia"(Dec. 16); added English saints include Wulstan (Jan. 19), Bathildis (Jan. 31), Edward (Mar. 17), Cuthbert (Mar. 20), Augustine (May 26), and the Feast of Relics (Sept. 15) 7r - 144r Liturgical Psalter ...Qui non abiit Incomplete, lacking opening words of Psalm 1 due to removal of full-page historiated initial; ten-partite Psalter, with divisions at Psalms 1, 26, 38, 51, 52, 68, 80, 97, 101, and 109 "Gloria Patri" added to Psalm 79, fol. 81v 144r - 155v 157r - 158r 159r - 159v Canticles Confitebor tibi Misbound; text on fol. 155v continues on fol. 159r, with the intermingled folios containing parts of the litany; fol. 159r-v: Quicumque vult (Athanasian Creed), continues on fols. 157r-158r 156r - 156v 158r - 158v 160r - 161r Original litany, petitions, and collects Kyrieleyson Misbound: litany and petitions begin on fol. 158r-v, continue onto fol. 156r-v, then collects found on fols. 160r-161r (fol. 161v is blank); selection of saints suggest French Flanders, with many from Ghent, Saint-Omer, Soissons, and many female saints; apostles and evangelists: begins with John the Baptist and ends with Luke; sixteen martyrs including Cornelius, Fabian, George, Crispinus, Crispinianus, Dionysius, and Maurice; five church fathers and prophets, being Leo, Martin, Nicholas, Ambrose, and Benedict; four confessors, which are Germanus, Amandus, Medard, and Bertin; twenty-two virgins (beginning on fol. 158v and continuing onto fol. 156r) including Mary Magdalene, Mary of Egypt, Fides, Spes, Christiana, Juliana, Benedicta, Genevieve, Petronilla, Amalberga, Gertrude, Aldegund, Agatha, and Praxedis 162r - 165v Added litany, petitions, and collects Letania maior. Kyrieleison Added in the fourteenth century for a later English user; fols. 162r-163v: church fathers and prophets list John the Baptist alone; twenty-one martyrs include Cornelius, Fabian, Thomas Becket, Albanus, Oswald, Edmund, Dionysius, Maurice, and Hippolytus; twenty monks, hermits, and confessors, including Martialis, Hilary, Audoenus, Dunstan, Swithin, Cuthbert, Botulph, Edward, Erkenwald, Richard, Leonard, and Aegydius; twenty virgins, which include Mary Magdalene, Mary of Egypt, Catherine, Margaret, Agatha, Scholastica, Petronella, Praxedis, Soteris, Prisca, Syth, Afra, Edith, Tecla, Fides, Spes, and Caritas; fols. 163r-164v: petitions; fols. 164v-165v: eight collects 165v - 165v Prayer to Christ Suscipe digneris domine Added in the fourteenth century 166r - 172r Added Office of the Dead In vigilia mortuorum antiphone. Placebo For Sarum use, possibly used by cleric based on contents, such as prayer and invocation meant for a priest (fol. 171v); added in the fourteenth century

Heavy, well-prepared parchment

 Foliation: i+172+i22.4 16.6 15.2 10.8 Flyleaves are modern parchment; modern pencil foliation, upper right corners, rectos

Front flyleaves: i; Quire 1: 6 (fols. 1-6); Quire 2-8: 8 (fols. 7-62); Quire 9: 8, lacking fourth folio (fols. 63-69); Quire 10: 8 (fols. 70-77); Quire 11: 4 (fols. 78-81); Quire 12: 8, lacking first folio but fifth folio added (fols. 82-89); Quires 13-22: 8 (fols. 90-169); Quire 23: 4, with fourth folio cancelled (fols. 170-172); Back flyleaves: i None None Singleton illuminations missing after fols. 6, 40, and 53; in quire 12, the first folio is lost, but the fifth has been added and is hooked and sewn in at fol. 84; in quire 15, the second and seventh folios appear to be guarded; in quire 21, two leaves are misbound, with the third and sixth folios reversed

 Ruled in plummet; layout different for calendar: six columns, thirty-two lines, written surface 11 x 17.2 cm; layout slightly different for added texts on fols. 162-172: written surface 10.2 x 15 cm; litany fols. 162r-163v: two columns Script smaller than in added litany and appears to be different hand Same scribe as added litany Textura; different hands distinguishable in calendar, Psalter proper, and added texts Vignettes for each month Historiated initials open main psalms (missing before Psalm 1), fols. 27r, 40v, 52v, 53v, 66r, 82r, 96v, 98v, and 112v One full-page historiated initial missing after fol. 6, and likely several other full-page miniatures missing before major Psalm initials; nine surviving historiated initials (9 lines); twelve calendar vignettes (16-19 calendar lines); enlarged decorative initials in blue, rose, and gold at psalm openings and for "KL" in calendar (3 lines); versals begin with alternating blue and gold initials (1 line); in added texts, fols. 162r-172r: enlarged initials in blue or gold with red or purple pen flourishes (2 lines); smaller initials in same colors in litany (1 line); rubrics in red; text in black ink Man drinking from a bowl Calendar: January Vignette, 19 lines Woman holding candle for Candlemas Calendar: February Vignette, 19 lines Man pruning a tree Calendar: March Vignette, 19 lines Cloaked child Calendar: April Vignette, 20 lines Falconer on horseback Calendar: May Vignette, 17 lines Man carrying a bundle of wood Calendar: June Vignette, 18 lines Man cutting grass with a scythe Calendar: July Vignette, 19 lines Man using a sickle to reap crops Calendar: August Vignette, 18 lines Man sowing seeds Calendar: September Vignette, 19 lines Man gathering grapes Calendar: October Vignette, 18 lines Man knocking acorns out of tree to feed pigs Calendar: November Vignette, 17 lines Man butchering a pig Calendar: December Vignette, 19 lines Initial "D" with seated apostle Psalm 26 Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Initial "D" with seated apostle Psalm 38 Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Initial "D" with seated apostle Psalm 51 Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Initial "D" with seated apostle Psalm 52 Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Initial "S" with seated apostle Psalm 68 Historiated initial "S," 9 lines Initial "E" with seated apostle Psalm 80 Historiated initial "E," 9 lines Initial "C" with seated apostle Psalm 97 Historiated initial "C," 9 lines Initial "D" with seated apostle Psalm 101 Historiated initial "D," 9 lines Initial "D" with seated apostle Psalm 109 Historiated initial "D," 9 lines

Late nineteenth- or early twentieth-century red velvet binding, likely by Léon Gruel in Paris

 Ca. 1270-1280 CE Bruges-Ghent Created in Flanders, or possibly French Flanders ca. 1270-80 In England by fourteenth century, as evinced by the obituary of an Englishman named Edmund, son of William Clusin (or Chosin) on August 6 (fol. 4v); litany and Office of the Dead also added at this time, and contents of latter suggest it was used by a cleric Imperial Russian ownership stamp, with word "Expecto" inscribed within it (fol. 1r), suggests possible Russian ownership, ca. nineteenth century Léon Gruel, Paris, owned late nineteenth or early twentieth century; his bookplate, and "no. 1448," on front pastedown Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel before 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, S., and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 771, cat. no. 87. Stones, Margaret A. “Illumination of the French Prose Lancelot in Flanders, Belgium, and Paris, 1250–1340.” PhD diss., University of London, 1970–1971: pp. 98, 447, 497, 502, 506. Randall, Lilian M. C. "Flemish Psalters in the Apostolic Tradition." In Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy Miner, edited by Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall, Jr., 171–93. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1974, figs. 8, 15, 25 (fols. 4v, 96v, 16v). Carlvant, Kerstin. "Thirteenth-Century Illumination in Bruges and Ghent." PhD diss., Columbia University, 1978: pp. 434, 463. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, pt. 1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997, pp. 16–19, cat. no. 217, figs. 411, 412 (fols. 5v, 66). Gy, Pierre-Marie. "Bulletin de liturgie." Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques 84 (2000): 513-44; p. 520. Bennett, Adelaide. "Continuity and Change in the Religious Book Culture of the Lowlands in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 167-179. Turnhout Belgium: Brepols, 2002; p. 176. Nevins, Teresa. "Psalter and Litany." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; pp. 194-195, cat. no. 34. Bütner, F.O. "Form and History: Der illuminierte Psalter im Westen." In The Illuminated Psalter. Edited by F.O. Bütner, 1-106. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004; p. 63 (n. 94). Gil, Marc, and Ludovic Nys. Saint-Omer gothique: les arts figuratifs à Saint-Omer à la fin du Moyen Âge, 1250-1550 : peinture, vitrail, sculpture, arts du livre. Valenciennes Cedex: Presses Universitaires de Valenciennes, 2004; p. 76. 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