Walters Ms. W.36, Touke Psalter Easter tables Calendar Psalms Canticles Litany, invocations, and collects Psalter Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Izer, Emily Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode.

 This thirteenth-century Psalter was made in Bruges for a female patron. Lively vignettes fill the calendar, while large historiated initials of saints trampling their oppressors introduce the liturgical psalms. Added Easter tables, as well as birth and death inscriptions in the calendar, attest to the manuscript's presence in England by the fifteenth century, where it was used extensively by generations of the Touke family. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.36 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is English. 1r - 144v Psalter 1r - 2v Easter tables Littera dominicali; Aureus numerus; Annus xristi; Pro viginta annis et septem (titles of columns) Easter tables added in England; fols. 1r-2r: tables for 1540-1566; fol. 1v: table for leap year; fol. 2v: additional table for 1567-88 added on by different scribe; instructions for use written in English 3r - 6v Calendar Januarius habet dies xxxi luna xxx. Incomplete; lacks pages with March/April (between fols. 3 and 4) and July/August (between fols. 4 and 5); calendar 1/2 to 3/4 full; all names in dark brown; Egyptian verses, naming which days are to be feared, head each month; erasures include Thomas of Canterbury (December 29) (fol. 6v) and added later birth/death dates of Touke family (fols. 3r and 5r); English instructions for calculating Lent added in the sixteenth century in red, fol. 3v; notable saints include Basil (January 1, added early on), Bertin (September 5), Michael (September 29), Basil (June 14, ordination), Remigius, Germanus, Vedast, Bavo (October 1), Benedicta (October 8), Rusticus (October 9), Donatian (October 14), Martyrs (November 3), Winnoc (November 6), Catherine (November 25), Three Hebrews in the Furnace (December 16) 7r - 129v Psalms fferia.ii. (later addition, England, fifteenth or sixteenth century) ...qui non abiit Incomplete; ten-partite liturgical psalter (divided at Psalms 1, 26, 38, 51, 52, 68, 80, 97, 101, and 109); removal of images resulted in loss of text: full-page miniature excised at beginning, so missing first words of Psalm 1 (Beatus vir, awkwardly rewritten in fifteenth or sixteenth century at top of fol. 7r using pasted initial "B" from another manuscript); folio probably containing historiated initial removed between fols. 102 and 103, resulting in full loss of Psalm 109 and beginning of Psalm 110, the latter resuming on fol. 103r with verse 9, "[manda]uit in eternam" 130r - 141v Canticles Confitebor tibi domine Canticles in two groups; fols. 130r-137v: first group of six; fols. 138r-141v: second group of five 141v - 144r Litany, invocations, and collects Kyrie eleyson Litany, invocations, and collects, with erasures throughout; fols. 141v-143v: Litany: large number of female saints; many Bruges saints; St. Francis unusually listed among confessors; thirteen apostles, beginning with Peter and ending with Mark (Luke is not included); seventeen martyrs including Marcellinus, Peter (canonized ca. 1253, listed twice and replaced by Sixtus second time), Marcellus, Maurice, and Nicasius; seventeen confessors, notably Gaugeric, Bavo, Amandus, Winnoc, and Francis; twenty-seven virgins, notably Mary Magdalene, Perpetua, Felicitas, Agatha, Amalberga, Aldegund, Walburga, Rictrudis, Ragenfredis, and Geneviève; fols. 143v-144v: invocations and nine collects

Medium- to heavy-weight parchment, well prepared, darkened from use

 Foliation: iii+144+iii24.1 16.5 16.5 11.0 Flyleaves are modern parchment; modern pencil foliation, upper right corners, rectos

Front flyleaves: iii; Quire 1: 2 (fols. 1-2); Quire 2: 6, lacking second and fourth folios (fols. 3-6); Quires 3-14: 8 (fols. 7-102); Quire 15: 8, lacking first folio (fols. 103-109); Quires 16-17: 8 (fols. 110-125); Quire 18: 6 (fols. 126-131); Quire 19: 8, lacking eighth folio (fols. 132-138); Quire 20: 6 (fols. 139-144); Back flyleaves: iii Some traces of catchwords visible occasionally at lower right, versos (e.g., fol. 54v); light brown ink Quire 1 was a later addition; possibly missing quire that would have had beatus leaf, but image may have been a singleton tipped in after fol. 6

 Layout does not apply to the Easter tables (23-27 lines, 6-8 columns), the calendar (32 lines, 4 columns), or the litany (2 columns) Much later hand than rest of manuscript Textura; Easter tables in littera anglicana formata in sixteenth-century hand Each month has a labor depicted in enclosed miniatures, one per page fols 3r-6v Lacking full-page miniature before fol. 7 and historiated initial between fols. 102 and 103; historiated initials fols. 26r, 38v (effaced), 49r, 50r, 61v, 75v, 89r, and 90v; added border decoration fols. 109v-110r Initials on fol. 144v repainted in fifteenth or sixteenth century Lacks one full-page miniature and one historiated initial; eight extant historiated initials (12-14 lines) mark liturgical psalms, some of which have been heavily rubbed (e.g., the face on fol. 38v); eight extant illuminations in calendar (14-18 lines); large decorative initials for "KL" in calendar and at beginning of remaining psalms throughout, with long descenders in gold against blue and beige grounds with white patterns (4 lines); elaborate descenders with thistles (?) and acorns uniquely found on fols. 109v-110r (Psalm 118), added for English owner in fifteenth or sixteenth century; versals in gold (1 line); added Easter table in red and black ink with yellow and green dividing bands; rubrics in red; text in dark brown ink Seated man drinking from bowl with shoe in hand Calendar: January Vignette Woman holding long candle for Candlemas Calendar: February Vignette Falconer riding a horse Calendar: May Vignette Man carrying bundles of wood Calendar: June Vignette Man sowing Calendar: September Vignette Man harvesting grapes Calendar: October Vignette Man knocking acorns out of a tree to feed pigs Calendar: November Vignette Man butchering a pig Calendar: December Vignette Initial "D" with St. Peter trampling Nero Psalm 26 Historiated initial "D," 12 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "Petrus/Nero Cesar."

 Initial "D" with St. John the Evangelist trampling Domitian Psalm 38 Historiated initial "D," 12 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "Johannes/Domicianus."

St. John has been effaced.

 Initial "Q" with St. Matthew trampling Hebeon Psalm 51 Historiated initial "Q," 14 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "Mathias/Hebeon."

 Initial "D" with St. James the Greater trampling Herod Psalm 52 Historiated initial "D," 12 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "Jacobus/Herodes."

 Initial "S" with St. Simon trampling Hirtacus(?) Psalm 68 Historiated initial "S," 12 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "Symon/[Hirt?]acus."

The first half of the second name has been partially erased, but possibly refers to Hirtacus, the man who executed St. Matthew.

 Initial "E" with St. Matthew trampling Zaroes Psalm 80 Historiated initial "E," 12 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "[M]atheus/Zaroe[s]"

Both inscriptions partially erased.

 Initial "C" with St. Paul trampling Agrippa Psalm 97 Historiated initial "C," 12 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "Paulus/Agr[ipp]a."

The second inscription is partially obliterated.

 Initial "D" with St. Thomas trampling a persecutor Psalm 101 Historiated initial "D," 12 lines

The inscriptions on the scrolls read "Thomas/Misdeus."

Rebound in red-brown morocco in England by Lloyd, Wallis, and Lloyd in the nineteenth century; tooled fillets and florets on upper and lower covers; gilt inscription on spine reads "PSALTERIUM. ET CANTICA MS SAEC. XIII"; binder's name in small gold letters, bottom of inside upper board

 Ca. 1250-1260 CE Bruges, Flanders Probably made in Bruges, ca. 1250-60, for a female patron (mostly female saints in litany) Owned by Touke family, England, from the fifteenth through the seventeenth century; calendar contains mostly erased birth and death notations for Touke family: Thomas Touke, d. January 28, 14[?], [...] Touke, noted January 30-31, William Touke, b. September 26, 1416, Henry Touke (son of John Touke of Wilton or Wiston), d. October 19, 1412; English Easter tables for 1540-1589 added; seventeenth century(?) signature of John Touke at end of text on fol. 144v (now erased) Lloyd, Wallis, and Lloyd, England, rebound manuscript in the nineteenth century Léon Gruel collection, Paris, by late nineteenth or early twentieth century; sales slip in French in same hand as wrote Gruel's inventory; numbers once present on front flyleaf (now removed, see file) Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1895 and 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, S., and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 770, cat. no. 86. Trésors des bibliothèques d'Écosse. Brussels: Bibliothèque Royale Albert 1er, 1963. An exhibition catalog. Randall, Lilian M. C. "Flemish Psalters in the Apostolic Tradition." In Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy Miner, edited by Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall, Jr., 171–93. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1974, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 24, 26 (fols. 3r–7r, 49r, 61v, 43v, 28v). Carlvant, Kerstin. "Thirteenth-Century Illumination in Bruges and Ghent." PhD diss., Columbia University, 1978: figs. 18a–b (fols. 4, 49). Carlvant, Kerstin. "Trends in Bruges Illumination until 1260: A propos a Psalter Connected with Ostkerke." Archives et Bibliothèques de Belgique 56 (1985): 321–63, fig. 17 (fol. 49). Gy, Pierre-Marie. "Bulletin de liturgie." Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques 84 (2000): 513-544; p. 520. Bütner, F.O. "Form and History: Der illuminierte Psalter im Westen." In The Illuminated Psalter. Edited by F.O. Bütner, 1-106. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004; p. 63 (n. 94). Solopova, Elizabeth. "The Liturgical Psalter in Medieval Europe." In Jewish and Christian Approaches to the Psalms: Conflict and Convergence. Edited by Susan E. Gillingham, 89-104. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013; p. 90 (n. 5). Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Psalter Flemish Book Illumination Manuscript Miniature Textura Walters Art Museum Flanders 13th century Devotion Christian Historiated initial Codex