Walters Ms. W.3, Gospel Book List of Pericopes Prologues by Eusebius and Jerome Eusebian canon tables Gospels Gospels Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, approximately 260-approximately 340 Hieronymus, Saint, -419 or 420 Jerome Hieronimi Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Cataloger Mackin, Elliot Editor Herbert, Lynley Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This Gospel Book from the late tenth century has been attributed to the Benedictine Abbey of Fleury in the commune of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, France. Carolingian influence is visible in both the text and decoration of this manuscript. Notable artistic parallels exist between this manuscript and an early eleventh-century Reichenau Gospel book (Munich, Clm 4454). These parallels have been attributed to artistic cross-influences between Fleury and Reichenau, and may reflect shared dependence on a common earlier tradition. This Gospel Book contains twelve richly illuminated canon tables decorated with signs of the zodiac as well as human, zoomorphic, and vegetal forms. The canons are composed of arches surmounted by a lunette. Each Gospel begins with an elaborate initial decorated with beast interlace, as well as sprouting acanthus leaves. The pages facing the beginning of each Gospel were originally left blank, possibly indicating an original plan to include Evangelist portraits, which were common in this period. A small, off-center pen-drawn Evangelist portrait was added at the beginning of Matthew's Gospel sometime soon after the book's creation. The book was originally composed of nineteen perfect quires of eight, which reflects sophisticated planning for the physical composition of the book. It has been suggested that the narrow, elongated proportions of the book suggest its use as a liturgical text (Cahn, 1981), and indicate it was designed to accommodate an ivory diptych (type) on the front cover (Nordenfalk, 1973). Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.3 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 148v Gospels 1r - 9v List of Pericopes Capitula lectionum evangelii anni circuli ad missas In vigilia nativitatis Pericopes for the liturgical year First folio severely damaged and repaired; text was transcribed onto front flyleaf iv 10r - 11v Prologues by Eusebius and Jerome Incipit prologus Eusebii Eusebius carpiano patri (Eusebius) Beatissima papae damaso (Jerome) Fols. 10r-v: Eusebius to Carpianus; fols. 10v-11v: Jerome letter to Pope Damasus 12r - 17v Eusebian canon tables Canons are of shorter Vulgate set; numbers grouped in sets of six 18r - 147v Gospels Incipit Brevis Evangelii secundum Matheum De generatione christi Fols. 18r-19r: 74 chapter list for Matthew; fols. 20r-53r: Gospel of Matthew; fols. 53v-54r: Prologue to Mark; fols. 54r-55r: 13 chapter list for Mark; fols. 56r-80v: Gospel of Mark; fols. 80v-81r: Prologue to Luke; fols. 81r-85r: 20 chapter list for Luke; fol. 86r-120v: Gospel of Luke, with Luke 3.8-6.33 missing due to removed bifolia between fols. 90 and 91; fols. 120v-121r: Prologue to John; fol. 121r-v: 14 chapter list for John; fols. 123r-147v: Gospel of John

Medium- to heavy-weight parchment, last quire has more original flaws; flyleaves are antique paper, early nineteenth-century, with first and last marbelized with matching pastedowns; front flyleaf ii has watermark "DB"; front flyleaf iii has watermark of crown over cross and "IHS" over "G;" back flyleaf i, watermark with cluster of thirty-one grapes

 Foliation: iv+148+ii31.3 18.0 21.8 9.5 Originally manuscript contained 152 folios, however two bifolia missing between fols. 90 and 91; modern pencil foliation, upper right corners, rectos

Quires 1-11: 8 (fols. 1-88); Quire 12: 8, with 3rd-6th folios now missing (fols. 89-92); Quires 13-19: 8 (93-148) Lowercase letters a-s, end of quires, bottom center, versos, added in fourteenth or fifteenth century in light brown ink End of quires, bottom center, versos, added in fourteenth or fifteenth century in light brown ink

Layout does not apply to canon tables Caroline minuscule; some rustic capitals and uncial for titles and rubrics; several scribes, hand change visible on fol. 49r Canons over twelve pages, with zodiac sign for each Pen drawing of Evangelist Matthew, fol. 19v; full-page decorated initials fols. 20r, 56r, 86r, and 123r Twelve canon tables, decorated with zodiac, animals, people, and fable(?) imagery; four large initials with animal interlace opening four Gospels; pen drawing of Evangelist Matthew added early; rubrics and initials in red; text in brown ink Canon table, with sign of the zodiac: Aries Eusebian canon 1 Full-page miniature Canon table, lions with sign of the zodiac: Taurus Eusebian canon 1 Full-page miniature Canon table, hares with sign of the zodiac: Gemini Eusebian canon 2 Full-page miniature Canon table, wolf eating bird with sign of the zodiac: Cancer Eusebian canon 2 Full-page miniature

Large bird in wolf's maw may refer to Aesop's Fable of stork extracting bone.

 Canon table, with sign of the zodiac: Leo Eusebian canon 2 Full-page miniature Canon table, beasts with sign of the zodiac: Virgo Eusebian canons 3 and 4 Full-page miniature Canon table, nude men with sign of the zodiac: Libra Eusebian canon 4 Full-page miniature

Two nude men holding orbs

 Canon table, men with sign of the zodiac: Scorpio Eusebian canon 5 Full-page miniature

Two men in contorted postures

 Canon table, birds with sign of the zodiac: Sagittarius Eusebian canons 6 and 7 Full-page miniature Canon table, beasts with sign of the zodiac: Capricorn Eusebian canons 8, 9, and 10 Full-page miniature Canon table, birds with sign of the zodiac: Aquarius Eusebian canon 10 Full-page miniature Canon table, with sign of the zodiac: Pisces Eusebian canon 10 Full-page miniature Portrait of the Evangelist Matthew(?) Pen drawing

Evangelist portrait added at early date

 Decorated initial "L" Opening of Gospel of Matthew Full-page decorated initial "L" Decorated initial "I" Opening of Gospel of Mark Decorated initial "I," 14 lines Decorated initial "Q" Opening of Gospel of Luke Decorated initial "Q," 29 lines Decorated initial "I" Opening of Gospel of John Decorated initial "I," 30+ lines

Rebound in France, early nineteenth century, red-brown goatskin with gilt designs on cover and spine; silver corner guards; spine labeled "EVANGELIUM IHESU CHRISTI EX DONO CAROLI MAGNI"; originally in matching telescoping book box, replaced in late twentieth century with new box for conservation reasons

 Late 10th century CE Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, France Created at the Fleury Abbey in Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, late tenth century Léon Gruel, Paris, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; Gruel and Engelmann bookplate, inscribed "No. 95," number also written in pencil on fol. 148v Henry Walters, Baltimore, acquired from Léon Gruel, 1903 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 766, no. 60. Baltimore, Maryland: The Walters Museum of Art. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery. 1949, fol. 20; p. 4, no. 7, Pl. 4. Swarzenski, H. "The Anhalt Morgan Gospels." 31. Art Bulletin. 1949, p. 79, n. 25. Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber & Faber. 1958, p. 166, fig. III-22a. Miner, Dorothy E. "The Development of Medieval Illumination." Vol. I. Catholic Life Annual. 1958, p. 11, fig. 3. Faye, C. U. and W. H. Bond. Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. New York. 1962, p. 195, no. 60. Walters Art Gallery. 2,000 Years of Calligraphy. Totowa: Rowman & Littlefield. 1965, fol. 123; no. 14, fig. 14. Berkowitz, David S. In Remembrance of Creation: Evolution of Art and Scholarship in the Medieval and Renaissance Bible. Waltham: Brandeis University Press. 1968, no. 61. Nordenfalk, C. "A Tenth Century Gospel Book in the Walters Art Gallery." Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy E. Miner. Ed. Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall, Jr. Baltimore: The Walters Art Gallery. 1973, fols. 12-17v, 19v-20, 56, 86, 123, 48v, cover image; pp. 139-170. Mutherich, F. Ausstattung und Sckmuck der Handschrift. Das Evangelia Ottos III: CLM 4453 Der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek Munchen. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer. 1978, pp. 70, 124. Nordenfalk, Carl. "Review of F. Wormald and J. J. G. Alexander's ' An Early Breton Gospel Book from the Collection of H. L. Bradfer-Lawrence 1887-1965.'" 120/901. Burlington Magazine. 1978, p. 244. Cahn, Walter. "Three Eleventh-Century Mss. From Nevers." Etudes d'Art medievale offerts a Louis Grodecki. Paris: Ophrys. 1981, p. 71, no. 51. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. I, France 875-1420. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1989, pp. 7-9, no. 2, ills. 5, 6, Pl.I. Burin, Elizabeth. "The Illuminated Initial: October 8, 1991 to January 5, 1992". 44 no.8. The Walters Art Gallery Bulletin. 10/1991:5, fol. 20; p. 5. Bennett, Adelaide, Wlater Cahn, Bert Cardon, and Karen de Coene. Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold, 800-1475. Turnhout: Brepols, 2002, p. 99, 100; fig. 7. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Textbook Scholarly compendium Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Literature Japanese Japan Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Gospel Book French Book Codex Drawing Illustration Manuscript Walters Art Museum France 10th century Devotion Carolingian Christian Ottonian Caroline minuscule Illumination Inhabited initial Ornament Painting Watermark Astrology Liturgy Scripture