Walters Ms. W.402, Virgil's Eclogues and Georgics Eclogues Virgil's Eclogues and Georgics Georgics Virgil Vergil Vergilius Maro, Publius Principal cataloger Berlin, Nicole Cataloger Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934 Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbert, Lynley Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 Virgil, otherwise known as Publius Vergilius Maro (70 BCE-19 BCE), was a Roman poet who lived and worked during the reign of Emperor Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE). In addition to the Eclogues (or Bucolics) and the Georgics, he is best known for his epic poem The Aeneid. The Eclogues is composed of ten individual poems in dactylic hexameter, the meter used for all of Virgil's works. The structure and content of the Eclogues is based on Greek bucolic poetry, a genre created by the poet Theocritus, who lived in the third century BCE. Bucolic poetry is usually set in the country and highlights the pleasures of a simple, pastoral life. The Eclogues are adapted from this model but discuss Rome's turbulent history between 44 and 38 BCE after the death of Julius Caesar. The Georgics was produced ca. 29 BCE and is written in four books that focus on rural life and farming, extolling the benefits of country life, and taking many cues from the “Works and Days” by the Greek poet Hesiod (mid-eighth to mid-seventh century BCE). However, the text is also largely an allegorical commentary on the end of the Roman Republic and beginning of the Roman Empire in the mid to late first century BCE, a tumultuous time in the city's history. The parchment and decoration of the Walters version are fairly simple, and the text is heavily annotated, suggesting it served a student's textbook in the fifteenth century. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.402 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 52v Virgil's Eclogues and Georgics 1r - 14r Eclogues Titire tu patulae recubans sub tegmine fagi [sic] Finis Bucolicorum 14v - 52v Georgics Quid faciat laetas segetes quo sidere terram Before the beginning of the text on fol. 14v there is a group of four unidentified lines similar to, but not matching, the incipit. This is the same for each of the four books. An excerpt from Book 2 has been inserted into Book 4, ending on fol. 52r where it transitions back to the correct text from Book 4. After the colophon on fol. 52r there are three inscriptions in two different hands, the first of which may refer to the ownership of the book by the monks of Santa Maria delle Grazie near Monteprandone after the death of San Giacomo della Marca (ca. 1391-1476), otherwise known as Jacob de Marchia or St. James of the Marches, O.F.M. Finis

Somewhat rough, cream colored parchment; flesh sides especially porous

 Foliation: i + 52 + ii19.9 14.0 14.5 9.5 Modern pencil foliation, upper right corners, rectos

i + Quire 1: 8 (fols. 1-8); Quire 2: 8+1, with fol. 15 hooked onto fol. 11 (fols. 9-17); Quires 3-4: 10 (fols. 18-37); Quire 5: structure uncertain, with 9 fols. before stitching and 6 after; fol. 52 tipped in and appears to be glued to fol. 51; no text missing at end of book (fols. 38-52) Written in lower, center margins, versos

Humanist script Occasional decorated initials in blue or red ink, with added detail in purple or red pen work to divide up the text and designate individual poems; text in black ink Decorated initial "T" Eclogue 1 Decorated initial "T," 6 lines Text Page Eclogue 2 Text Page Decorated Initial "D" Eclogue 3 Decorated Initial "D," 3 lines Decorated Initial "S" Eclogue 4 Decorated Initial "S," 4 lines Decorated Initial "C" Eclogue 5 Decorated Initial "C," 4 lines Decorated Initial "P" Eclogue 6 Decorated Initial "P," 4 lines Decorated Initial "F" Eclogue 7 Decorated Initial "F," 4 lines Decorated Initial "P" Eclogue 8 Decorated Initial "P," 4 lines Decorated Initial "Q" Eclogue 9 Decorated Initial "Q," 4 lines Decorated Initial "E" Eclogue 10 Decorated Initial "E," 4 lines Decorated Initials "Q" (x2) Book 1 Decorated Initials "Q," 4 and 6 lines Decorated Initials "H" (x2) Book 2 Decorated Initials "H," both 3 lines Decorated Initials "T" (x2) Book 3 Decorated Initials "T," both 3 lines Text Page Book 4 Text Page

Eighteenth-century light brown sheep leather binding; gold-tooled floral border; possibly a thirteenth-century(?) palimpsest; antique laid paper flyleaves with a hand-shaped water mark (the wrist on one flyleaf, the fingers on another); the spine with gold tooling in seven compartments, the second reading "VIR / GIL / IUS;" repairs on fols. 11, 43, 46 and 52 with antique laid paper

 Ca. 1450 CE Italy Created in Italy ca. 1450 Purchased in the fifteenth century by the monks of Santa Maria della Grazie (near Monteprandone), who had inherited it in 1476 from San Giacomo della Marca (ca. 1391-1476) otherwise known as Jacob de Marchia or St. James of the Marches, O.F.M. Leo S. Olschki, bookseller, Florence, ca. 1912 Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Leo S. Olschki (inv. no 8619, written on first flyleaf, recto, in pencil; list, ca. 1912, no. 13) Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 832, no. 441. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Textbook Scholarly compendium Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Literature Japanese Japan Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Literature Ancient Rome Italian Book Codex Humanistic Manuscript Ornament Walters Art Museum Italy 15th century Literature -- Poetry