Walters Ms. W.434, Book of Hours (for use of Tournai) Calendar Devotional Sequence Gospel Sequence of Passion according to John Hours of the Cross Hours of the Holy Spirit, Gospel sequences, and prayers Hours of the Virgin Seven Penitential Psalms Litany, petitions, and collects Office of the Dead Suffrages and prayers Seven Verses of St. Gregory Book of Hours artist Circle of the Master of the Prayer Books ca. 1500 Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbold, Rebekah Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Noel, William Contributor Ransom, Allison Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This Book of Hours was completed for the Use of Tournai and was illuminated ca. 1500 under the influence of the Master of the Prayer Books. Synthesis of text and decoration is well balanced in this manuscript. Evidence of an early owner is found on fol. 18v, where he is depicted in prayer with St. William the Great. However, because St. William the Great is not mentioned in the calendar, the manuscript may have been intended for an owner other than the gentleman portrayed in the full-page miniature on fol. 18v. Featuring fifteen full-page miniatures (inserted), twenty-nine panel miniatures, as well as some illusionistic borders, this manuscript has an ambitious pictorial program. However, there is also a sophisticated interrelationship between the textual and pictorial programs, a relationship especially apparent in the Suffrages. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.434 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Middle (ca.1400-1600). 1r - 233v Book of Hours 1r - 12v Calendar Januarius habet dies xxxi. luna. xxx Calendar two-thirds full, text in Latin, headings in French; graded in pale mauve and dark brown ink; contents indicate destination for Tournai; feasts of note include Babylas (Jan. 24), Aldegund (Jan. 30), Amandus (Feb. 6), Eleutherius (Feb. 20), Romanus (Feb. 27), David (Mar. 1), Valeric and Hermes (Apr. 1), Julianus (Apr. 17, rare), dedication of Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Tournai (May 9, "dedicacio eccl[es]ie torn[acensis]," rare), Peter Celestine (May 19, "petri confessoris"), Eusebius (Jun. 21), Eligius (Jun. 25, Translation; cf. Dec. 1), Peter and Paul (Jun. 29, "passio aspostolorum"), Ephrem deacon (Jul. 9, "Effreni confessoris"), Bruno (Jul. 18), Anne (Jul. 26, termed "electe"), Timothy and Apollinaris (Aug. 22), Aegydius (Sept. 1, "abbatis"), Remacle (Sept. 3), Bertin (Sept. 5), Humbert (Sept. 6, also Nov. 3), Ninian (Sept. 15), Methodius (Sept. 18), Remigius and Bavo (Oct. 1), Dionysius (Oct. 9), Venantius (Oct. 11), Gangulf (Oct. 12, "Gendulphi mr.," Translation), Martha (Oct. 16), Cordula (Oct. 22), Eustace (Nov. 4), Maclovius (Nov. 15, "Machuti"), Maurus (Nov. 21), Eligius (Dec. 1, cf. Jun. 25), Lazarus (Dec. 5, "episcopi"), Victoricus (Dec. 11, "martiris") 13r - 20v Devotional Sequence Devote oracion du nom de ihesus O bone ihesu o piissime Fols. 13r-14v: Prayer to Christ, "Devote oracion du nom de ihesus. O bone ihesu o piissime ihesu o dulcissime ihesu . . . ."; fols. 14v-15r: Suffrage to St. William the Great, "Oracion de saint guillaume. O guillerme navi fragmentes rexpexisti [sic for "respexisti"] laborantes in maris periculo . . . ."; fol. 15v: blank, ruled; fols. 16r-17r: Prayer for faithful dead, "Oroison pour les trespasses devotes. Avete omnes anime fideles quarum corpora hic et ubique requiescunt . . . Oremus. or[ati]o. Domine ihesu christe salus et liberatio fidelium animarum . . . / . . . P[ate]r n[oste]r Ave maria"; fol. 17v: blank, ruled; fols. 18r-20v: Prayer to Christ, "Oratio ad dominum ihesum xristum. In manus tuas domine ihesu xriste et in manus beatissime et floriose virginis marie . . . ." 21r - 32v Gospel Sequence of Passion according to John Passio domini nostri ihesu xristi secundum Johannem. Egressus est dominus ihesus Fols. 21r-32v: Gospel sequence of Passion according to John (John 18:1-19:42) 33r - 39v Hours of the Cross Incipiunt hore sancte crucis. Domine labia mea aperies 40v - 60r Hours of the Holy Spirit, Gospel sequences, and prayers Incipiunt hore sancti spiritus. Domine labia mea aperies Fols. 40v-46r: Hours of the Holy Spirit; fols. 46r-52r: Gospel Sequences, the first headed, "Inicium sancti euvangelii secundum iohannem. Floria tibi domine." the other three headed, "Sequentia sancti euvangelii secundum . . . ."; John 1:1-14; Luke 1:26-38; Matthew 2:1-12; Mark 16:14-20; fols. 52r-60r: two prayers to the Virgin headed, "Devota oratio ad virginem mariam" the other "Devotissima oratio ad beatam mariam"; fol. 60v: blank, ruled 61r - 126v Hours of the Virgin Hore beate virginis marie secundum usum tornacensis. Domine labia mea aperies Hours of the Virgin, for use of Tournai as specified in the heading; bifolio misbound after fol. 90r; blank and ruled folio at end of each canonical hour except Prime and Compline (fols. 79v, 90v, 101v, 111v, 119v); headings for canonical hours termed, "Ad . . . ." beginning at Lauds (fol. 81); Compline ends on fol. 125r, followed by "salutation" to the Virgin (fols. 125r-126r), "Salutacio virginis marie. Salve regina misericordie vita dulcedo et spes nostra salve . . . ."; fol. 126v: blank, ruled 127r - 138r Seven Penitential Psalms Septem Psalmi Domine ne in furore tuo Fols. 127r-138r: Seven Penitential Psalms with a prefatory antiphon and versicle, "An. Genti peccatrici populo peccatis miserere . . . . Vs. Esto placabilis . . . ." 138r - 148v Litany, petitions, and collects Letania sanctorum Kyrie eleyson Fols. 138r-148v: litany, notable quantity of saints, destination for Tournai indicated: sixteen saints/apostles/evangelists: Peter to Barnabas; thirty-five martyrs, including Hermes, Lawrence, Vincent, Piatus, Hippolytus, Dionysius, Maurice, Nicasius, Quintinus, Gereon, Leodegar, Lambert, Christopher, Thomas, Demetrius, Blasius, Livin, Firminus; twenty-eight confessors, including Silvester, Gregory, Leo, Hilary, Martin (repeated on next line for double invocation), Nicholas, Augustine, Ambrose, Eleutherius, Jerome, Benedict, Remigius, Gaugeric, Brictius, Bruno, "Mate," Evurtius, Ghislain, Bernard, Severinus; seventeen virgins, including Mary Magdalene, Mary Egyptian, Petronilla, Geneviève, Brigid, Barbara, Elizabeth; fols. 142r-147r: petitions, invocations, written consecutively, gold versals in final sequence; fols. 147r-148v: five collects, first two and the fourth headed, "collecta," others "oratio" 149r - 198v Office of the Dead Incipiunt vigilie mortuorum Antiphona Dilexi quoniam exaudiet Office of the Dead, for Use of Tournai; ten collects at end of Vespers, each headed, "Oratio," third for soul of woman: "Deus qui inter apostolicos sacerdotes tuos pontificali fecisti . . . . Adiuva nos domine deus noster et beatissime dei genitricis marie . . . . 198v - 228v Suffrages and prayers Commemoratio de sancta trinitate Te invocamus te adoramus Fols. 198v-228v: Suffrages; five to Trinity and individual members, the Holy Face, prayer on Sorrow of Virgin by Cross, five Suffrages to six male saints (one pair), one to All Apostles, seven to male saints, seven to female saints, one to Numerous Martyrs, three to male saints; typically headed, "De Sancto . . . / sancta . . ."; series of short prayers at end; fol. 198v: Suffrage to the Trinity; fol. 199v: Suffrage to God-Father; fol. 200v: Suffrage to God-Son; fol. 201r: Suffrage to the Holy Spirit; fol. 203v: Suffrage to Lament on Sorrow of Virgin by the Cross; fol. 205v: Suffrage to Saint Michael; fol. 206r: Suffrage to St. John Baptist; fol. 206v: Suffrage to St. John Evangelist; fol. 207v: Suffrage to SS. Peter and Paul; fol. 208r: Suffrage to James the Greater; fol. 209r: Suffrage to All Apostles; fol. 209v: Suffrage to St. Stephen; fol. 210r: Suffrage to St. Lawrence; fol. 210v: Suffrage to St. Christopher; fol. 212r: Suffrage to St. Dionysius; fol. 213r: Suffrage to St. Nicholas; fol. 213v: Suffrage to St. Sebastian; fol. 214v: Suffrage to St. Anthony; fol. 215r: Suffrage to St. Anne; fol. 216r: Suffrage to St. Mary Magdalene; fol. 216v: Suffrage to St. Catherine; fol. 217r: Suffrage to St. Margaret; fol. 218r: Suffrage to St. Barbara; fol. 219r: Suffrage to St. Apollonia; fol. 219v: Suffrage to St. Geneviève; fol. 220r: Suffrage to Martyrs; fol. 220v: Suffrage to St. Francis; fol. 221r: Suffrage to St. Livin; fol. 222r: Suffrage to St. Bavo; fols. 222v-228v: sequence of prayers before, during, and after Communion; opening prayers for recitation on arising and leaving home. Communion prayers incorporate prayer of Indulgence for two thousand years said to have been granted by Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303), closing prayers for the king, remission of sins, benefactors, friends in need, deceased friends, father and mother 228v - 231v Seven Verses of St. Gregory Monseigneur sainct grigoire a donne quatorze mille ans de vray pardon a tous vrais confes & repentans les genoux flechies en terre devant la representacion de sa benoitte passion devotement diront sept fois pater noster Ave maria aveuc les oraisons qui sensieuent. Et depuis pluseurs aultres y en ont adiouste grande cantite amontant en somme totalle quarante six mille xii ans & xx iours. Domine ihesu christe adoro Seven Verses of St. Gregory, his grant of Indulgence for 14,000 years in heading to have been increased by others to 46,012 years and twenty days for recitation by truly confessed and repentant kneeling before image of "blessed Passion," along with sevenfold recitation of "Pater noster," and "Ave Maria"; fols. 32r-v: blank, ruled

Thin parchment, slightly thicker for inserted illuminated leaves; finely selected and prepared; front flyleaves and back flyleaves are modern parchment

 Foliation: iii+233+iii14.0 10.3 7.0 4.7 Front flyleaf i is conjoint with front pastedown

Quires 1-2: 6 (fols. 1-12); Quire 3: 6, with sixth folio cancelled (fols. 13-17); Quire 4: 2, with first and fourth folios added (fols. 18-21); Quire 5: 8 (fols. 22-29); Quire 6: 8, with fourth folio added (fols. 30-38); Quire 7: 8, with second folio added (fols. 39-47); Quire 8: 8 (fols. 48-55); Quire 9: 8, with sixth folio added (fols. 56-64); Quire 10: 8, with fourth folio cancelled (fols. 65-71); Quire 11: 8 (fols. 72-79); Quire 12: 8, with first folio added (fols. 80-88); Quire 13: 8, with third and ninth folios added (fols. 89-98); Quire 14: 8, with fourth and ninth folios added (fols. 99-108); Quire 15: 8, with fourth folio added (fols. 109-117); Quire 16: 8, with third folio added (fols. 118-126); Quire 17: 8, with first folio added (fols. 127-135); Quire 18: 8 (fols. 136-143); Quire 19: 8, with sixth folio cancelled and seventh folio added (fols. 144-151); Quire 20: 8, with sixth folio cancelled (fols. 152-158); Quire 21: 8, with fourth folio cancelled (fols. 159-165); Quires 22-28: 8 (fols. 166-221); Quire 29: 6 (fols. 222-227); Quire 30: 6, with sixth folio cancelled and second folio added (fols. 228-233) Extant fragmentary signatures visible at lower right of select rectos, see fols. 30r, 31r, 32r, 34r, 167r, 168r, 169r, and 170r Extant at lower right on fol. 213, in brown ink

Layout does not apply to calendar: written space 7 x 4.7 cm, 3 columns, 17 lines Written in slanted Burgundian cursiva formata Full-page miniature on fol. 18v; panel miniatures on fols. 13r, 14v, and 19r Full-page miniature on fol. 21v Full-page miniature on fol. 33v One full-page miniature on fol. 40v; panel miniatures on fols. 46r, 48r, 49v, 51r, and 52r Full-page miniatures on fols. 61v, 80v, 91v, 97v, 102v, 107v, 112v, and 120v Full-page miniature on fol. 127v One full-page miniature on fol. 149v Panel miniatures on fols. 198v, 199v, 200v, 201r, 202r, 203v, 205v, 206r, 206v, 207v, 208r, 209v, 210r, 210v, 212r, 213r, 213v, 216r, 216v, 218r, and 219v Full-page panel miniature on fol. 229v Fifteen full-page miniatures, inserted; twenty-nine panel miniatures; decorated illuminated initials of liquid gold appearing in four forms: on pages opposite full-page miniatures (4-5 lines); at secondary text openings, including those marked by panel miniatures (2 lines); at versals aligned at left in litany and in running text (2 lines); "K L" in calendar (3 lines); illusionistic scatter borders similar to W.429 found around some full-page miniatures, of note are fol. 18v: cast shadows hatched in brown on gold wash ground; fols. 18v and 19r (effaced): armorial shield; on pages opposite full-page miniatures borders; also found at text openings of first prayer Suffrages, Gospel Sequences: bracket shaped, designs omit fauna illusionistic borders; rubrics in red; text in brown ink Christ Child seated Devotional Sequence: Prayer to Christ Panel miniature St. William the Great Devotional Sequence: Suffrage to St. William the Great Panel miniature St. William the Great, male manuscript owner in prayer Devotional Sequence: Prayer to Christ Full-page miniature Virgin and Child with angel-musicians Devotional Sequence: Prayer to Christ Panel miniature Man of Sorrows Gospel Sequence of Passion according to John Full-page miniature Crucifixion Hours of the Cross Full-page miniature Pentecost Devotional Sequence: Hours of the Holy Spirit Full-page miniature St. John Evangelist on Patmos Devotional Sequence Panel miniature St. Luke in study Devotional Sequence Panel miniature St. Matthew in study Devotional Sequence Panel miniature St. Mark in study Devotional Sequence Panel miniature Pietà-Lamentation Devotional Sequence Panel miniature Annunciation Hours of the Virgin: Matins Full-page miniature Visitation Hours of the Virgin: Lauds Full-page miniature Nativity-Adoration Hours of the Virgin: Prime Full-page miniature Annunciation to the Shepherds Hours of the Virgin: Terce Full-page miniature Adoration of the Magi Hours of the Virgin: Sext Full-page miniature Presentation in the Temple Hours of the Virgin: None Full-page miniature Massacre of the Innocents Hours of the Virgin: Vespers Full-page miniature Flight into Egypt, with massacre of an innocent in background Hours of the Virgin: Compline Full-page miniature King David penitent Seven Penitential Psalms Full-page miniature Raising of Lazarus Office of the Dead Full-page miniature Trinity: Lamentation Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to the Trinity Panel miniature God-Father enthroned Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to God-Father Panel miniature Christ enthroned, displaying wounds Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to God-Son Panel miniature Holy Spirit descending at Pentecost Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to the Holy Spirit Panel miniature Salvator mundi Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to the Holy Face Panel miniature Virgin and Child, with book open on ledge before them Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to Lament on Sorrow of Virgin by the Cross Panel miniature St. Michael vanquishing devil Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Michael Panel miniature St. John the Baptist Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. John the Baptist Panel miniature St. John the Evangelist with chalice Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. John the Evangelist Panel miniature SS. Peter and Paul Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to SS. Peter and Paul Panel miniature St. James the Greater Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. James the Greater Panel miniature St. Stephen Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Stephen Panel miniature St. Lawrence with grill Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Lawrence Panel miniature St. Christopher carrying Christ Child Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Christopher Panel miniature St. Dionysius Suffrages and Prayers: Suffrage to St. Dionysius Panel miniature St. Nicholas resuscitating three tonsured youths Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Nicholas Panel miniature St. Sebastian martyred Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Sebastian Panel miniature St. Mary Magdalene Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Mary Magdalene Panel miniature St. Catherine Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Catherine Panel miniature St. Barbara Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Barbara Panel miniature St. Geneviève Suffrages and prayers: Suffrage to St. Geneviève Panel-miniature Trinity: Throne of Grace Seven Verses of St. Gregory Full-page miniature

France, last quarter of the nineteenth century; crimson velvet bound over wooden boards; spine rounded and backed, hollow card liner; endbands of a deep crimson with white silk, worked with edge-bead around parchment laminate; gilt edges, original gauffering design of three dotted fillets intersecting to form lozenges containing centered quatrefoils

 Ca. 1500 CE Bruges(?) Bruges(?), ca. 1500; completed for Use of Tournai and illuminated under the influence of the Master of the Prayer Books active ca. 1500 in Bruges Early owner depicted in presence of St. William the Great, armorial shield in border, "de gueules au poisson d'or posé en fasce et contourné, accompagné de trois étoiles d'or brisées d'un croissant d'argent placé en chef"; heraldic marking on St. William's pennant, "d'azur semé de fleurs de lis d'or, au franc canton d'azur à trois croissants d'or" (identified by Michel Pastoureau as the usual "fictitious arms of king Clovis") Marshall C. Lefferts, New York City, 1901, his sale to George H. Richmond, New York Bookseller (in pencil on front pastedown: "$350") Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased possibly from Richmond between 1901 and 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 810, cat. no. 329. Owens, M. B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." Ph.D diss., University of Chicago, 1987; pp. 474-475. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3. Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1989; pp. 486-494 (ref. under cat. no. 291, W.434). Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book of Hours Flemish Book Codex Illumination Manuscript Miniature Ornament Walters Art Museum Flanders 16th century Devotion Christian 15th century