Walters Ms. W.435, Book of Hours Easter Tables Calendar Gospel Sequences Hours of the Cross Hours of the Holy Spirit Hours of the Virgin Seven Penitential Psalms Litany, petitions, invocations, and collects Office of the Dead Devotional Sequence Book of Hours artist Master of Edward IV, fl. 1470-1490 Master of Edward IV and followers Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbold, Rebekah Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Wallace, Susan Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Noel, William Contributor Ransom, Allison Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This beautifully bound Book of Hours was completed in Bruges ca. 1490. The illuminator's style was influenced by the Master of Edward IV, active ca. 1470-90, and followers. The manuscript includes twelve full-page miniatures and twenty-five small miniatures, along with sacred and secular marginalia and some illusionistic borders. While the sheer volume of miniatures is remarkable, the decoration program as a whole only strengthens the manuscript’s impact. Select marginalia motifs reinforce the compositional motifs of the miniatures; see fols. 25v and 26r for Passion motifs. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.435 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Middle (ca.1400-1600). 1r - 188v Book of Hours 1r - 3v Easter Tables Pasques. Ans. Lettre. dominicale. Added early, fol. 1r blank with Italian inscription; columnar layout; computistic tables for determining Easter 4r - 15v Calendar Janiver a xxxi jours. La lune xxx. Calendar in French, one-fourth to one-half filled; graded in pale red and brown ink; names preceded by "Saint" or "Sainte," followed by punctus; contents composite, including saints of the dioceses of Tournai and Cambrai with some English saints; feasts of note include: William (Jan. 1, "guillame," bishop of Bourges), Vincent (Jan. 22), Aldegund (Jan. 30), Audebert (Feb. 27), Thomas Aquinas (Mar. 7, Dominican), Leo I (Mar. 14), Sabina (Mar. 31), Helen (Apr. 5, irregular date), Autbert (Apr. 10; also Feb. 27), Maximus (Apr. 15), Firminus (Apr. 18; cf. Sept. 14), Peter (Apr. 29, martyr, Dominican), Victor (May 14), Honoratus (May 22, "honnoure"), Bede (May 27), Petronilla (May 31, "pieronnelle"), Quirinus (Jun. 4), Basil (Jun. 14), Romanus (Jun. 17), Vedast (Jul. 15), Christina (Jul. 24), James the Greater and Christopher (Jul. 25), Dominic (Aug. 4, "dominicque"), Arnold (Aug. 16), Louis of France (Aug. 25), Firminus (Sept. 25, bishop of Amiens), Remigius and Piatus (Oct. 1, latter indicative of Tournai), Dionysius and Ghislain (Oct. 9, latter indicative of Tournai), Edward (Oct. 13), Leonard (Nov. 6, "lienard"), Brictius (Nov. 13, "brice"), Lucy (Dec. 13, "Luce"), Thomas Becket (Dec. 29, "thomas de catorbie"); fol. 16r-v, blank 17r - 24v Gospel Sequences Initium sancti evangelii. secundum iohannem. Gloria tibi domine. In principio erat verbum Appended prayers and invocations: John 1:1-24, Luke 1:26-38, Matthew 2:1-12, and Mark 16:14-20 25r - 34v Hours of the Cross Incipiunt hore sancta cruce. Domine labia mea aperies 35r - 42r Hours of the Holy Spirit Hore sancto spiritu Domine labia mea aperies 43r - 106v Hours of the Virgin Hore de nostra domina Domine labia mea aperies Hours of the Virgin, for the use of Rome; headings for two canonical hours, namely Prime and Terce 107r - 120r Seven Penitential Psalms Incipiunt septem psalmi Domine ne in furore tuo 120r - 127v Litany, petitions, invocations, and collects Letania Kyrieleyson Litany includes saints for Roman rite; sixteen saints/apostles/evangelists, from Peter to Martialis (latter unusual); eleven martyrs (three pairs); seven pope confessors; five monks/hermits; ten virgins/widows, including "margaretha" and "helizabeth"; fols. 123r-125r: petitions, invocations, cue to Psalm 101; fols. 125r-127v: nine collects, first five headed, "oratio." or "o.," fifth for bishop 128r - 160v Office of the Dead Ad vesperas mortuorum antiphona Dilexi quoniam exaudiet Dominus 161r - 188v Devotional Sequence De saint Michael. antiphona. Michael archangele paradisi Devotional sequence; fols. 161r-180v: twenty-one suffrages, sixteen to male saints (one pair) and six to female saints; typically headed "De Saint . . . sainct" and "De sainte . . . saincte . . . ."; intercalated quatrains to All Apostles, Andrew, Vincent, Martin: Michael, John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, Peter and Paul, Andrew quatrain, James the Greater, Stephen, Lawrence, Christopher, Sebastian, Nicholas, Claudius, Jerome, Francis, Anthony, Adrian, Martin, Anne, Mary Magdalene, Catherine, Margaret (heading cites to Barbara by mistake, "De sainte barbe."), "Virgo gloriosa Christi margaretha virginum gemma preciosissima . . . .," Barbara, and Apollonia; fols. 180v-181v: two communion prayers; fols. 181v-183r: prayer lamenting sorrow of the Virgin by the Cross; fol. 183r-v: "Versus"; fols. 184r-185v: Seven Prayers of St. Gregory; fol. 185v: closing prayer; fols. 185v-186r: Communion prayers; fols. 186r-v: Prayer to the Virgin; fols. 187v-188r: Prayers to Christ on the Cross, beginning with quatrain, recitation of fourth prayer on the Passion yields unspecified period of indulgence, "Salutation quand on pense a dieu crucifie. In cruce pendentem. rogo te deum omnipotentem. Ut michi des mentem. Semper te amare volentem"; fol. 188r-v: "Oroison"

Carefully selected and well-prepared thin to medium-weight parchment; front flyleaves of thick parchment predating present binding; front and back flyleaves bear imprint of rivet marks, hooked to facing pastedown

 Foliation: iii+188+iv14.7 10.4 8.7 5.7 9.2 5.7 Modern pencil foliation upper right corners, rectos

Quire 1: 2, with third folio added (fols. 1-3); Quires 2-3: 6 (fols. 4-15); Quire 4: 8, with first and tenth folios added (fols. 16-25); Quire 5: 8 (fols. 26-33); Quire 6: 8, with second folio added (fols. 34-42); Quire 7: 8, with first folio added (fols. 43-51); Quire 8: 4 (fols. 52-55); Quire 9: 4, with fifth folio added (fols. 56-60); Quire 10: 8, with first and ninth folios added (fols. 61-70); Quire 11: 10 (fols. 71-80); Quire 12: 6 (fols. 81-86); Quire 13: 8 (87-94); Quire 14: 6 (fols. 95-100); Quire 15: 6 (fols. 101-106); Quire 16: 8, with first folio added (fols. 107-115); Quire 17: 8 (fols. 116-123); Quire 18: 4 (fols. 124-127); Quire 19: 8, with first folio added (fols. 128-136); Quire 20: 6 (fols. 137-142); Quire 21: 8 (fols. 143-150); Quire 22: 8 (fols. 151-158); Quire 23: 2 (fols. 159-160); Quire 24: 8 (fols. 161-168); Quire 25: 6 (fols. 169-174); Quire 26: 6 (fols. 175-180); Quire 27: 8 (fols. 181-188)

Ruled in pale rose; layout does not apply to calendar: written space 9.4 x 6.2 cm, 3 columns of 17 lines Burgundian littera batarda One small miniature on fol. 17r One full-page miniature on fol. 25v One full-page miniature on fol. 35v Full-page miniatures on fols. 43v, 56v, 69v 75v, 81v, 87v, 92v, and 101v One full-page miniature on fol. 107v One full-page miniature on fol. 128v Small miniatures on fols. 161r, 161v, 162v, 163r, 164r, 165r, 165v, 166v, 168r, 169v, 170r, 171v (water damaged or unfinished), 172v, 173r, 174r, 175r, 176r, 176v, 177v, 178r, and 179v Twelve full-page miniatures, six inserted; twenty-five small miniatures; sacred and secular marginalia; decorated illuminated initials of liquid gold appearing on pages opposite full-page miniatures (3 lines) and at secondary text divisions (2 lines); versals and gold domincal letters "A" on alternately bright blue and brownish-red ground minimally patterned in gold; borders on three pages with inserted miniatures (fols. 25v, 43v, and 128v); around remaining three inserted and six integral full-page miniatures are well-spaced motifs (as well as insects), ground, cast shadows, and marginalia; on pages opposite full-page miniatures are illusionistic borders, probably by same hand; marginalia found at nine of twelve openings marked by full-page miniatures; line fillers beginning in calendar are panels in rich blue, thereafter in same blue alternating with brownish-red, sketchy gold patterning; rubrics in red; text in brown ink St. John on Patmos Gospel Sequences Small miniature, 8 lines St. Luke holding pen Gospel Sequences Small miniature, 7 lines St. Matthew Gospel Sequences Small miniature, 8 lines St. Mark writing on scroll in his lap Gospel Sequences Small miniature, 8 lines Crucifixion Hours of the Cross Full-page miniature Pentecost Hours of the Holy Spirit Full-page miniature Annunciation Hours of the Virgin: Matins Full-page miniature Visitation Hours of the Virgin: Lauds Full-page miniature Nativity-Adoration Hours of the Virgin: Prime Full-page miniature Annunciation to shepherds and shepherdess Hours of the Virgin: Terce Full-page miniature Adoration of the Magi Hours of the Virgin: Sext Full-page miniature Presentation in the Temple Hours of the Virgin: None Full-page miniature Monks playing Blind Man's Bluff Hours of the Virgin: None Marginal illumination Flight into Egypt, fall of pagan idol Hours of the Virgin: Vespers Full-page miniature Coronation of the Virgin by the Trinity Hours of the Virgin: Compline Full-page miniature David penitent Seven Penitential Psalms Full-page miniature Raising of Lazarus Office of the Dead Full-page miniature St. Michael vanquishing the Devil Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Michael Small miniature, 8 lines St. John the Baptist Suffrages: Suffrage to St. John the Baptist Small miniature, 8 lines St. John the Evangelist blesses poisoned chalice Suffrages: Suffrage to St. John the Evangelist Small miniature, 8 lines SS. Peter and Paul Suffrages: Suffrage to SS. Peter and Paul Small miniature, 8 lines St. James the Greater Suffrages: Suffrage to St. James the Greater Small miniature, 8 lines St. Stephen Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Stephen Small miniature, 8 lines St. Lawrence Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Lawrence Small miniature, 8 lines St. Christopher carries the Christ Child Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Christopher Small miniature, 8 lines St. Sebastian Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Sebastian Small miniature, 8 lines St. Nicholas resuscitating three youths Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Nicholas Small miniature, 8 lines St. Claudius Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Claudius Small miniature, 8 lines Penance of St. Jerome Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Jerome Small miniature, 8 lines Stigmatization of St. Francis Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Francis Small miniature, 8 lines Temptation of St. Anthony Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Anthony Small miniature, 8 lines St. Adrian Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Adrian Small miniature, 8 lines St. Anne Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Anne Small miniature, 8 lines St. Mary Magdalene Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Mary Magdalene Small miniature, 8 lines Beheading of St. Catherine Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Catherine Small miniature, 8 lines St. Margaret seated in front of dragon Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Margaret Small miniature, 8 lines St. Barbara Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Barbara Small miniature, 8 lines St. Apollonia Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Apollonia Small miniature, 8 lines

Bound in Belgium(?) ca. sixteenth century; crimson velvet over wooden boards; sides are embroidered in panel-and-frame design, displayed and cupped flowers in relief are worked in silver wire wrapped around thread, silver gilded thread wound around dyed yellow silk thread is used for foliate pattern; spine covered with crimson velvet, hollow and lined with red buckram since rebacking in 1949 by MacDonald, New York; endbands of a heavy yellowish rose thread; edges gilded, gauffered with punched Italianate plaitwork design (cf. inscription dated 1546); evidence of former fastening by tie attached by rivets to center fore-edge of upper and lower boards (holes on front and back pastedowns, impressions on front flyleaves)

 Ca. 1490 CE Bruges Completed for use of Rome, likely in Bruges, ca. 1490; illuminated under the influence of the Master of Edward IV Rebound, possibly in Belgium, sixteenth century Effaced inscription, on fol. 1r, Rome(?); Italian entry beneath dated Nov. 1, 1546, reading, "A.Q.D.C.R. Addi pmo novembr .M.D. xlvi in Ra" Leo S. Olschki, Italian (Florence) bookseller, the number "45," as well as his inventory number "31457," penciled on front pastedown; "45" stamped in black on excised descriptions from Olschki sale catalogues from 1910 and 1911-12, sent by him to Henry Walters Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Leo S. Olschki in 1912; invoice number 45: WAM Archives Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Olschki, Leo Samuele, Manuscrits sur vélin avec miniatures, cat. 74, no. 23, Pl. VIII (Florence, 1910). Olschki, Leo Samuele, "Quelques manuscrits fort précieux," La Bibliofilia 13 (1911-12): pp. 15-17, illus. (fol. 92v). De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 807, cat. no. 314. Miner, D. The History of Bookbinding, 525-1950 A.D., Exhibition Catalogue no. 342: Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery (1957). Bowles, Edward Augustus, "A Checklist of Musical Instruments in Fifteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts at the Walters Art Gallery," Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 32/4 (1976): pp. 722-25. Owens, M. B., "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago: 1987, p. 475, fig. 57 (fol. 108r). Wieck, R. S., with essays by L. R. Poos, V Reinburg, and J. Plummer. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life, Exhibition Catalogue, 1988: no. 122, pp. 132, 133, 217, fig. 124 (fol. 128v). Hindman, S. L., Four Miniatures by Simon Bening, Exhibition Catalogue, London: Hazlitt, Gooden & Fox Ltd., in association with Bruce P. Ferrini Rare Books, Akron, Ohio, and Sam Fogg Rare Books and Manuscripts, London (1989): ref. under lot 25. Cahn, W. "Margaret of York's guide to the Pilgrimage Churches of Rome," in "Margaret of York, Simon Marmion, and The Visions of Tondal," p. 93, fig. 55. Papers delivered at a symposium organized by the Department of Manuscripts of the J. Paul Getty Museum in collaboration with the Huntington Library and Art Collections, June 21-24 1990, ed. and contributor T. Kren (Malibu, 1992) Burin, Elizabeth, "Bound to Please," in Bulletin of the Walters Art Gallery, 46/1 (1993): 4. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 447-55 (ref. under cat. no. 284, W.435). Cahn, Walter. Studies in Medieval Art and Interpretation. Oakville, CT: David Brown Book Company, 2000; p. 333 (fig. 13). Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. “Marketing Books for Burghers: Jean Markant’s Activity in Tournai, Lille, and Bruges.” In Flemish Manuscript Painting in Context: Recent Research. Edited by Elizabeth Morrison and Thomas Kren, 135-48. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2006; pp. 137, 138, 146. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book of Hours Flemish Book Codex Illumination Manuscript Miniature Ornament Walters Art Museum Flanders 15th century Devotion Christian Painting