Walters Ms. W.436, Prayer Book (compilation) Calendar Suffrages Gospel Sequences Devotional Sequence Suffrages to female saints Suffrage to the Holy Face Devotional Sequence Suffrages Prayer to the Virgin Prayer Book Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbold, Rebekah Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Wallace, Susan Contributor Brown, Emily Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Polidori, Tia Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This Prayer Book, ca. 1500, is a compilation of several texts from at least five different hands, with the miniatures featuring several hands as well. The illusionistic borders with exceptional motifs are of particular note. Borders towards the beginning of the book appear to be by a different artist, as later groups of borders differ in both design and color, with smaller motifs, less crowding, blossoming red carnations and lilies, and some amusing drolleries (fol. 57r-v). Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.436 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 95v Prayer Book 1r - 13v Calendar Januarius habet dies .xxxi. Luna xxx. Months are one-fourth to three-fourths filled, Egyptian days designated; graded in red and black ink; number of hours per night and day are specified in red ink on each verso on last ruled line(s); names preceded with "Sanctus," "Sancta," or "Sanctorum" as appropriate, followed by designations that are at times un-abbreviated; contents indicate a collection of predominantly English with a mixture of northern French and Flemish feasts; those of note include: Wulstan (Jan. 19, "Wlstani epi."), David (Mar. 1), Gregory I (Mar. 12), Edward (Mar. 18, "Eduuardi regis," ruled 963-78), Cuthbert (Mar. 20; cf. Sept. 4), Benedict (Mar. 21; cf. Jul. 11), "Primum pascha" (Mar. 22), Richard (Apr. 3; cf. Apr. 16), Dunstan (May 19), Aldhelm (May 25), Edmund (Jun. 9, Translation), Richard (Apr. 16, Translation; cf. Apr. 3), Edward (Apr. 20, "Translacio eduuardi regis"; see Mar. 18), Ethelreda (Jun. 23, "etheldride," as in GM 5: Horae, Sarum use, ca. 1430-40, Fastolf Master, France [Rouen] or England?), Martin (Jul. 4, "Translacio et ordinatio . . ."; as in GM 5, etc.: see Jun. 23), Swithin (Jul. 15, "Translacio sancti suuythini epi.," distinctive spelling), Benedict (Jul. 11, Translation; cf. Mar. 21), Kenelm (Jul. 17), Oswald (Aug. 5), Augustine (Aug. 28, "epi et doctoris"), Cuthburga (Aug. 31), Cuthbert (Sept. 4, Translation; cf. Mar. 20), Bertin (Sept. 5), Edith (Sept. 16), Lambert (Sept. 17), Firminus (Sept. 25), Edward the Confessor (Oct. 13, "Translacio s. eduuardi regis.," ruled 1003-66), Callistus (Oct. 14, "pape."), Wulfram (Oct. 15; remains taken to Blandigny near Ghent in 858, moved to Abbéville in 1058), All Saints (Nov. 1, "Festivitas omnium sanctorum"), All Souls (Nov. 2, "Commemoracio animarum"), Leonard (Nov. 6), Brictius (Nov. 13), Maclovius (Nov. 15), Hugh of Lincoln (Nov. 17), Saturninus and Sisinnius (Nov. 29); no entry (Dec. 1), "O sapiencia" (Dec. 16) 14r - 15v Suffrages Memoria de sancto leonardo Sancte leonarde confessor dei postula Two suffrages, first consisting of prayer to St. Leonard followed by cues "Pater noster. Ave maria. Credo in deum."; second to St. David with antiphon, versicle, responsory, and prayer 16r - 24r Gospel Sequences Inicium sancti evangelii. secundum iohannem. In principio erat verbum Collection of five Gospel sequences; fol. 20r-v: third sequence is unusual in inclusion of Luke 1:39-47 24v - 39r Devotional Sequence Devotissima oratio ad ihesum Domine ihesi christe fili dei Fol. 25r-v: prayer to Christ; fols. 25v-30v: devotions to the Trinity; fols. 31r-39r: two prayers to the Virgin, the second cites St. John the Evangelist in heading: "Alia devotissima oratio ad beatissimam virginem mariam Et Johannem evangelista" 39v - 52v Suffrages to female saints Antiphona de beata maria virginie Sub tuam protectionem Fol. 40r: Virgin Mary, "Sub tuam protectionem confugimus ubi infirmi acceperunt virtutem. . . ."; fol. 41r: Anne, "Gaude felix anna que concepisti prolem que erat paritum. . . ."; fol. 42v: blank; fol. 43r: Margaret, "Gaude virgo margareta. Quae nutricis gregem leta. . . ."; fol. 44v: blank, ruled; fol. 45r: Elizabeth, "Ante thorum huius virginis frequentate nobis. . . ."; fol. 45r: blank, ruled; fol. 46r: Osyth ("Sitha"), rhyming, "Ave sancta famula sitha ihesu xriste Que cum tota anima deo placuisti. Cecos mutos debiles et cludos iniusti. Semper elemosinam dare quesiuisti. . . ."; fol. 47r: Catherine, rhyming, "Gaude virgo katherina. qua doctores lex diuina traxit ab erroribus. . . ."; fol. 48v: blank; fol. 48bis r-v: Barbara, text ends imperfectly, "Gaude barbara regina summa possens in doctrina angeli misterio . . . . Oremus O. s. d. trina et una inseparabilis que maiestas qui sanctissimam virginem et"; fols. 49-52v: blank, ruled through fol. 50v 53r - 56r Suffrage to the Holy Face Ad faciem domini nostri ihesu christe Salve sancta facies nostri Rhyming suffrage antiphon; fols. 54v-56r: blank, ruling on fol. 54v only Motto and monogram initial on fol. 58r: "Da Vivere" about "P R," the "P" perhaps standing for Peter, visual emphasis on St. Peter evinced on fol. 58r and through embellishment of his feast in calendar entry 56v - 83v Devotional Sequence Sequitur oratio ante missam dicendum Confitebor tibi domine Fols. 57r-67r: pre-Communion prayers, sixth ascribed to St. Augustine; fols. 67r-68v: Seven Verses of St. Gregory, for recitation before pious image appearing to him, maximum but unspecified indulgence said in heading to be granted by this pope, Gregory I, for recitation with Pater noster and Ave maria; fols. 68v-69r: three prayers to Christ, said in heading to have been in same chapel as Holy Cross of seven Romans, recitation yields unspecified maximum indulgence; fols. 69v-70r: prayer of Indulgence, heading prescribes recitation during or after elevation of Host and alleges its composition by Gregory VIII (pope 731-41) at request of the queen of England, recitation worth as many indulgences as wounds in Christ's body, although total number of wounds not specified in text; fols. 70v-72r: prayer on Seven Last Words of the Lord, attributed heading to Bede, each remark rubricated; fols. 72v-83v: twelve prayers to the Virgin, the first a variant of prayer on; fols. 36r-39r 84r - 94v Suffrages Oratio Sequitur de Sancta Trinitate Te deum patrem ingenitum Fourteen suffrages, four rhyming, varying heading format, ending imperfectly; fol. 84r: Trinity; fol. 84v: Guardian angel; fol. 84v: Raphael; fol. 85, lines 16-18: John the Baptist, unrubricated heading below rubricated couplet with anti-feminine sentiment (cf. Walther, Initia, 3772, 7648); fol. 87r: Peter; fol. 87v: Sebastian; fol. 88v: Rochus; fol. 89v: Jerome; fol. 90v: Bernard of Clairvaux, rhyming, preceded by rubric specifying indulgence granted by Pope Sixtus Alexander (presumably Alexander VI, 1492-1503) for contrite confession of 3,000 venial and 20,000 criminal sins and triple recitation of prayer before image of St. Anne, followed by prayer yielding one-hundred indulgences, attributed in heading to a certain cardinal Raymond; fol. 92r: Catherine, rhyming (cf. fols. 47r-48r, different antiphon with same collect); fol. 93r: Barbara; fol. 93v: 11,000 Virgins, rhyming; fol. 94v: Agnes, ending imperfectly 95r - 95v Prayer to the Virgin Obsecro te domina sancta maria Added early, see W.432, ca. 1500, North Netherlands, opening prayer

Well-selected and prepared parchment, thin to medium weight through fol. 55, thicker thereafter; back flyleaf i is modern parchment with bifoliate facing pastedown

 Foliation: i+95+bis+i15.1 9.9 9.6 7.2 9.6 7.2 8.8 5.8 8.8 5.8 8.8 5.8 8.4 5.8 9.2 6.5 9.2 6.5 9.2 6.5 Two modern pencil foliations: one in lower left of each recto added ca. 1900; modern foliation in upper right corners rectos added in the later half of the twentieth century (used here)

Quire 1: 10 (fols. 1-10); Quire 2: 4, with first folio canceled (fols. 11-13); Quire 3: 2 (fols. 14-15); Quires 4-7: 8 (fols. 16-47); Quire 8: 4, including 48bis (fols. 48-50); Quire 9: 6 (fols. 51-56); Quires 10-18: 4 (fols. 57-92); Quire 19: 4, with third folio canceled (fols. 93-95)

Due to the compilation style, the layout changes frequently; see parts for layout details Written in Burgundian littera batarda; scribal hand I Written in Burgundian littera batarda, scribal hand I Written in Burgundian littera batarda; scribal hand II Written in Burgundian littera batarda, scribal hand II Written in Burgundian littera batarda; scribal hand II Written in Burgundian littera batarda, scribal hand III Written in littera gothica hybrida; scribal hand IV Written in littera gothica hybrida; scribal hand IV Written in littera gothica hybrida; scribal hand V Written in Burgundian littera batarda (fols. 2r-56r); littera gotica hybrida (fols. 56v-95v); selected texts written in several different hands, referred to in hand note of each part as scribal hand I-V Two full-page miniatures on fols. 24v and 25v One full-page miniature on fol. 39r Five full-page miniatures on fols. 56v, 57v, 61v, 70v, and 72v Four large miniatures on fols. 85v, 86v, 89v, and 91v; nine historiated initials on fols. 84r, 84v, 88r, 88v, 90v, 92r, 93r, 94r, and 94v Thirteen extant miniatures (nine full-page) with artistic links with the style of Ghent-Bruges illumination from 1470-1520; nine historiated initials (5-9 lines); illusionistic borders, two main types: two examples from earlier part of manuscript, different hands, on four sides, opposite full-page miniature without border decoration (fol. 40r), other surrounding text opposite of presumed lost full-page miniature; second type of illusionistic borders at four out of five remaining text openings, on three sides and in top spandrels on illuminated versos, on four sides on most facing rectos, smaller and more varied motifs than found in first style of borders; borders contain drolleries at only one text opening (fols. 57v-58r); decorated illuminated initials (2-5 lines); rubrics pale mauve (mostly invisible); text in dark brown ink Annunciation Gospel Sequences: Gospel Sequence of St. Luke Full-page miniature Christ Child supported and flanked by six angels holding instruments of the Passion Devotional Sequence: Prayer to Christ Full-page miniature Trinity: Throne of Grace Devotional Sequence: Prayer to the Trinity Full-page miniature Virgin and Child attended by angel, revered by cleric Suffrages to female Saints: Suffrage to the Virgin Full-page miniature Agony in the Garden Devotional Sequence: "Confitebor tibi" Full-page miniature Christ as Man of Sorrows seated on cross, revered by cleric Devotional Sequence: "O fons totius" Full-page miniature Mass of St. Gregory, vision of Christ flanked by instruments of the Passion Devotional Sequence: Communion Mass, verses of St. Gregory Full-page miniature Crucifixion Devotional Sequence: Seven Last Words Full-page miniature Lamentation, witnessed by reverent cleric Devotional Sequence: "O intemerata" Full-page miniature Initial "T" with Trinity Suffrages: Suffrage to Trinity Historiated initial "T," 9 lines Initial "A" with angel Suffrages: Suffrage to Guardian Angel Historiated initial "A," 6 lines St. John the Baptist Suffrages: Suffrage to St. John the Baptist Large miniature, 15 lines St. Peter as pope; Christ on the shore of the Sea of Tiberius, the miraculous catch of fishes Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Peter Large miniature, 13 lines Initial "O" with St. Sebastian in armor holding lance and arrows Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Sebastian Historiated initial "O," 7 lines Initial "A" with St. Rochus Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Rochus Historiated initial "A," 6 lines St. Jerome in penance Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Jerome Large miniature, 15 lines Initial "O" with St. Bernard trampling the devil Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Bernard of Clairvaux Historiated initial "O," 8 lines St. Anne with the Virgin Mary and Christ Child Suffrages: Prayer in Suffrage to St. Anne Large miniature, 15 lines Initial "G" with St. Catherine Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Catherine Historiated initial "G," 5 lines Initial "A" with St. Barbara Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Barbara Historiated initial "A," 9 lines Initial "O" with St. Ursula sheltering a pope, cardinal, and female virgin saints Suffrages: Suffrage to 11,000 Virgins Historiated initial "O," 9 lines Initial "S" with St. Agnes with tooth attribute of St. Apollonia Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Agnes Historiated initial "S," 8 lines

Mid-nineteenth-century French binding by Capé, Paris; brown leather; modern sewing on five chords; apparent set of five pairs of deep cuts is evidence in the first quire of earlier sewing; sides feature fleurs-de-lis; modern gilt edges; name of binder in gold capitals centered on inside of front cover, tail-edge (Capé was active at 16 rue Dauphine in Paris, 1848-67: Devauchelle, vol. 2, pp. 200, 205, vol. 3, pp. 41-42; for another Capé binding, see WAG 1957, no. 554)

 Ca. 1500 CE Ghent Transcriptions by five or more scribes, ca. 1490-1510; links with Rooclooster suggested; illuminated in the style of Ghent-Bruges school, probably Ghent, ca. 1500; ecclesiastical patronage, English connection indicated; presumed first patron depicted on fol. 39v Unidentified presumed second patron depicted on fols. 57v and 72v Seventeenth-century(?) ownership inscription; effaced 6-line inscription below end of text on fol. 95v Rebound in the mid-nineteenth century in Paris by M. Capé Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased between 1895 and 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 809, cat. no. 328. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3. Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1989; pp. 509-521, cat. no. 295. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Prayer book Flemish Book Codex Grotesques Historiated initial Illumination Manuscript Miniature Walters Art Museum Flanders 16th century Devotion Christian 15th century