Walters Ms. W.438, Prayer Book (Use of Rome)

Walters Ms. W.438, Prayer Book (Use of Rome) Calendar Suffrages Devotions on Infancy and Passion of Christ Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Seven penitential psalms Litany, petitions, and three collects Meditations on the Passion of Christ Prayer Book Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Bucca, Lauren Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Bucca, Lauren Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbold, Rebekah Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Sedovic, Katherine Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

This late fifteenth-century Prayer Book was made for the Use of Rome and illuminated by followers of Willem Vrelant of Bruges. The manuscript was probably created for the couple depicted in two full-page miniatures (fols. 13v and 103r). The representation of the bride in the full-page miniatures, as well as references to her in suppliant prayers, indicates that the manuscript was commissioned primarily for the bride’s use. Further evidence of this is the prominence of women throughout the illuminations and drolleries, from one who was caught in adultery being brought before Christ, to Veronica extending her veil to Christ as he carries the cross. The decorative aspects of the manuscript stray from the typical border designs of this time period, focusing more on illusionistic Ghent-Bruges’ illumination (post-1475) and less on the Vrelant acanthus-floral borders. Among the number of full-page miniatures, fol. 229v stands out as an exceptional example of an imitation of a late fifteenth-century panel painting. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.438 The primary language in this manuscript is Dutch; Flemish. The secondary language of this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 363v Prayer Book 1r - 12v Calendar Januarius Contents almost identical to Bruges calendar, except for the following names: Saturninus (Jan. 11, Mar. 29); Hyacinth (Jan. 31); Magnus (Feb. 4); Chrysolius (Feb. 7); Apollonia (Feb. 8); Boniface (Jun. 5); Ephrem (Jul. 9); Monulf and Gondulf (Jul 17); Donatus (Aug. 7); Piatus (Sep. 19); Remigius and Bavo (Oct. 1); Gummar (Oct. 11); Gangulf (Oct. 12); Amandus (Oct. 26); Gudwal (Nov. 16); Eligius (Dec. 1); Jodocus (Dec. 13); Candidus (Dec. 16) 13r - 16v Suffrages De sancto iohanne euuanelista Gaude pater via morum Contains two suffrages: fol. 14r-v: suffrage to St. John the Evangelist; fol. 15r-16r: suffrage to the Holy Face 17r - 65v Devotions on Infancy and Passion of Christ Deuote bedinghen tot onsem heere O lieu heere gheweldighe Devotional sequence: fols. 17r-58r: ruminations on the Infancy and Passion of Christ, with invocation to the Trinity for a female suppliant; fols. 58r-63v: prayer to wound in the side of Christ; fols. 63v-65v: female suppliant's prayer to Christ 66r - 104v Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Deuote bedinghe[n] tot ihesum O lieue heere ic beuele Devotional sequences: fols. 67r-68v: prayer to Christ; fols. 69r-70v: female suppliant's prayer for confession; fol. 70r-v: Lord's prayer in Flemish; fols. 71r-73r: communion prayers; fols. 73r-75r: daily prayers and psalms for recitation; fols. 75r-84v: communion and various prayers 105r - 116r Seven penitential psalms Septem psalmi penitentiales Domine ne in furore 116r - 122v Litany, petitions, and three collects Letanie sanctorum Kyrie eleyson Fols. 116r-122v: Litany, with south Netherlandish and northern French saints, evidence for Franciscan sympathy; 16 apostles, disciples, and innocents from Peter to Mark; 27 martyrs, including Lupus, Victor, Nicasius, Quintinus, Eustace, Maurice, Dionysius, Donatus, Erasmus, Blasius, and Hubert; 22 doctors, confessors, monks, and hermits, including Livin, Leonard, Bernard, Francis, Louis (possibly of Telouse, Franciscan), Bernardinus (Franciscan), Bavo, Remigius, Dominic, Bertin, and Amandus; 15 virgins, including Mary Magdalene, Clare, Ursula, Martha, and Apollonia; fols. 120r-122r: petitions, with cues to Ps. 69 and invocations; fols. 122r-v: 3 standard collects 123r - 363v Meditations on the Passion of Christ Hier beghint die passien ende dat lijden ons heeren ihesu xristi O Ghij all die hier Meditations on Passion in two sections (fol. 123r blank): fols. 123r-228v: daily meditations on Passion episodes a week before Crucifixion; majority of citations from Bernard, also including Augustine, Jerome, Origen, Anselm, Chrysostom, Josephus, Eusebius, Ambrose, Jerome, David, Isaiah, and others; fols. 229r-363v: meditations on Passion episodes occurring before and after Crucifixion; fol. 255r begins recitations from Matins to Compline

Medium-weight, well-prepared parchment, with heavier parchment used for illuminations; seventeenth-century laid paper flyleaves

Foliation: ii+363+ii15.6 11.0 9.2 5.4 Modern pencil foliation in upper right corners, rectos

Quires 1-2: 6 (fols. 1-12); Quire 3: 4, with first folio added, the original folio between fols. 14 and 15 added and later removed, and the last folio cancelled; Quire 4: 8, with first folio added and later removed (fols. 17-24); Quires 5-7: 8 (fols. 25-48); Quire 8: 6 (fols. 49-54); Quire 9: 8 (fols. 55-62); Quire 10: 8, with fourth folio added (fols. 63-71); Quire 11: 8 (fols. 72-79); Quire 12: 8, with seventh folio add, including fol. 84bis (fols. 80-87); Quire 13: 8, with fourth folio added (fols. 88-96); Quire 14: 8 (fols. 97-104); Quire 15: 8, with first folio added and later removed (fols. 105-112); Quire 16: 10 (fols. 113-122); Quire 17: 8, with first folio added (fols. 123-131); Quires 18-19: 8 (fols. 132-147); Quire 20: 6 (148-153); Quires 21-29: 8 (fols. 154-225); Quire 30: 8, with fourth folio added (fols. 226-234); Quire 31: 8, with eighth folio added (fols. 235-243); Quire 32: 10 (fols. 244-253); Quire 33: 8, with first folio added (fols. 254-262); Quire 34: 8, with first folio added (fols. 263-271); Quire 35: 6 (fols. 272--277); Quire 36: 10, with sixth folio added (fols. 278-288); Quire 37: 6 (fols. 289-294); Quire 38: 10 (fols. 295-304); Quire 39: 6 (fols. 305-310); Quire 40: 10, with second folio added (fols. 311-321); Quire 41: 6 (fols. 322-327); Quire 42: 10 (fols. 328-337); Quire 43: 6, with seventh folio added (fols. 338-344); Quire 44: 10, with seventh and tenth folios added (fols. 345-356); Quire 45: 6 (fols. 357-362); Quire 36: singleton, tipped to paper back flyleaf, originally bifoliate with pastedown(?) (fol. 363) None None

Red ink ruling for calendar and text; sixteen lines throughout text except for the calendar, which contains seventeen lines Littera bastarda; likely same scribe for the entire text "KL" written in gray and white begins each calendar page Full-page miniature fol. 13v; decorated initials fols. 14r and 15r Two historiated initials, fols. 59r and 64r Three full-page miniatures, fols. 66v, 85v, and 91v; five historiated initials, fols. 88r, 97r, 101r-v, and 103r Decorated initial fol. 105r Full-page miniatures on fols. 123v, 229v, 242v, 254v, 263v, 283v, 312v, 344v, 351v, and 354v; smaller miniatures on fols. 147v, 161v, 166v, 172r, 207r, and 209v; decorated initials on fols. 124r, 230r, 243r, 255r, 264r, 284r, 313r, 345r, 352r, and 355r Fourteen full-page miniatures; six miniatures (8 lines); eight historiated initials (5-7 lines); decorated illuminated initials with gray and blue letters against a gold background (6 lines); initials opposite full-page miniatures alternate between blue and silver-leaf letters and rust and gold letters, and same applies to backgrounds of said initials (5-6 lines); secondary decorated initials with white acanthus-formed letters against brown, gold-specked backgrounds (2-3 lines); grisaille line fillers in litany (fols.116v-121r), alternating between disks and half-blossom petals; liquid gold borders throughout text, depictions include: angels, musicians, lewd drolleries, and many motifs reminiscent of Master of the Playing Cards (most prominently fols. 100r, 101v, 159v, 166v, 263v, 344v); rubrics in red; text in varying light-dark brown ink St. John the Evangelist with donor portraits of couple Full-page miniature Initial "O" with Christ revealing his wounds Devotions on Infancy and Passion of Christ Historiated initial "O," 6 lines Initial "O" with two angels holding the Host Devotions on Infancy and Passion of Christ Historiated initial "O," 6 lines Christ as Savior Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Full-page miniature Female manuscript owner venerating the crucifix Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Full-page miniature Initial "O" with Christ Child giving a blessing Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Historiated initial "O," 6 lines Virgin and Child enthroned Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Full-page miniature Initial "O" with Virgin of the sun and the Apocalypse Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Historiated initial "O," 5 lines Initial "I" with St. John the Evangelist on Patmos Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Historiated initial "I," 7 lines Initial "U" with Pentecost Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Historiated initial "U," 7 lines Initial "H" with Mass and kneeling couple Devotional sequences to Christ and the Virgin Historiated initial "H," 7 lines high Christ with instruments of the Passion Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Raising of Lazarus Meditations on the Passion of Christ Small miniature, 8 lines high Christ's entry into Jerusalem Meditations on the Passion of Christ Small miniature, 8 lines high Christ driving merchants from the temple Meditations on the Passion of Christ Small miniature, 8 lines high Christ and an adulteress Meditations on the Passion of Christ Small miniature, 8 lines high Last Supper Meditations on the Passion of Christ Small miniature, 8 lines high Christ washing apostles' feet Meditations on the Passion of Christ Small miniature, 8 lines high Resurrected Christ and Virgin Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Agony and betrayal in the garden of Gethsemane Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Christ before the high priest, and the denial of Peter Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Christ before Pilate Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Flagellation Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Christ carrying cross, with Veronica extending veil Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Crucifixion Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Deposition Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature Entombment Meditations on the Passion of Christ Full-page miniature

Eighteenth-century brown calf binding, Belgium; gilt vine and floral border on upper and lower boards; floral, gilt border lining upper and lower board; rounded spine in six sections with lozenge shapes and gilt floral decoration; gilt title on spine "ROOMSCH/ GETY.[DE].BOEK."; edges decorated with figures of Christ, St. John, and the Virgin

Ca. 1480-1490 CE Bruges or Ghent, Flanders Completed for an unnamed couple by followers of Willem Vrelant of Bruges, for Use of Rome, ca. 1480s De Badts' collection, French Flanders, nineteenth century; armorial bookplate with "BIBLIOTHEQUE/ DE MR. DE BADTS DE CUGNAC" on front pastedown, top left Léon Gruel, Paris, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; Gruel's bookplate inscribed "No. 1017" on front pastedown, lower left Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1895 and 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 810, cat. no. 331. Owens, M.B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." Ph.D. diss, University of Chicago, 1987: p. 477, fig. 58. Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout: Brepols, 1997; pp. 192, 355 (n. 80). Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 407-417, cat. no. 279. Morrison, Elizabeth. "Master of the David Scenes in the Grimani Breviary and Another Illuminator." In Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe. Edited by Thomas Kren and Scot McKendrick, 390-391. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2003; p. 391 (ref. under cat. no. 116). Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Prayer book Christian Flemish Book Codex Heraldry Historiated initial Illumination Manuscript Miniature Walters Art Museum Flanders 15th century Devotion Grotesques Painting