Walters Ms. W.440, Book of Hours Calendar Devotional sequence Hours of the Cross Hours of the Holy Spirit Hours of the Virgin Advent Office of the Virgin Seven Penitential Psalms Litany, petitions, and collects Office of the Dead Devotions to the Virgin Suffrages (part 1) Two Gospel sequences Suffrages and prayers (part 2) Book of Hours Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Wallace, Susan Contributor Bucca, Lauren Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This Book of Hours was created by the artists known as the Ghent Associates ca. 1490-1500. The manuscript appears to have been originally made for Philip the Handsome, also known as Philip the Fair (1478-1506), duke of Austria, Brabant, and Burgundy, and count of Flanders and Hainaut. Although there are no longer extant miniatures, many of the fifty-one decorated illuminated initials contain images that refer to its prominent owner. Most notably, Philip's heraldry is found on fol. 91r, and some of the many jewels depicted throughout the initials can be traced to jewelry worn by women in his family in portraits, such as his mother, Mary of Burgundy, and his wife, Joanna of Castille (see Randall p. 464 for details). As there are a large number of decorated initials, only those with known special significance have been cataloged here. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.440 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Middle (ca.1400-1600). 1r - 211v Book of Hours Gospel sequences and other aspects of the manuscript are possibly misbound according to Randall, who suggests John and Luke on fols. 183-186 originally comprised the first quire based on signatures "a2" and "a3" that she sees on fols. 183 and 184; however, she does not provide a suggestion as to how the folios were originally ordered, and it is not clear where those folios belong, as they do not comprise their own quire but are flanked by suffrages within the quire; therefore, a reconstruction has not been attempted, and the contents are recorded here as they are currently found in the manuscript 1v - 13r Calendar Januarius habet dies xxxi. luna vero. xxx. Calendar two-thirds full, often skipping lines between feasts; graded in red and brown ink; contents closely connected with Bruges calendar; notable for unusual dates or spellings are: Apollonia (Feb. 8), Quirinus (Mar. 30, "kyrini"), Ursmar (Apr. 17), Transfiguration (May 23), Landoald (June 13), Peter and Paul (June 29, termed "Passio petri et pali," cf. W.434), Domitian (July 14), Remigius and Bavo (Oct. 1), and Gangulf (Oct. 12) 14r - 24v Devotional sequence Ad salutandum veronicam. Salve sancta facies Devotional sequence consisting of suffrages, Gospel sequences, and prayers; Suffrages: fols. 14r-15r: to the Holy face; fol. 16r-v: George; fols. 17r-18v: Piatus, rhyming antiphon, contains reference to Tournai; fol. 19r-v: Christopher; Gospel sequences: fols. 20r-21r: Matthew 2.1-12; fol. 22r-v: Mark 16.14-20; fols. 23r-24v: John 19.1-35, excerpts, and prayer (mainly Passion sequence); fol. 24r-v: Oratio. Deus qui manus 25r - 30v Hours of the Cross Incipiunt hore sancte crucis Domine labia mea 31r - 36v Hours of the Holy Spirit Incipiunt hore sancti spiritus Domine labia mea Ends with prayer to the Holy Spirit on fol. 36r-v: Domine sancte spiritus 37r - 90v Hours of the Virgin ...adoremus et procidamus ante deum Use of Rome; text begins imperfectly in Matins; fol. 90r-v: Salutation to the Virgin and prayer to God at the end of Compline 91r - 98v Advent Office of the Virgin Incipit officium beate marie virginis quod dicitur per totum adventum. Ad vesperas. Deus in adjutorium meum intende 99r - 109v Seven Penitential Psalms Incipiunt septem psalmi penitentiales Domine ne in furore tuo 109v - 119v Litany, petitions, and collects Letanie sanctorum. Kyrieleyson Saints are combination of northern French and Flemish: fols. 109v-113v: Litany: for patriarchs/prophets, John the Baptist is listed solely; seventeen apostles/evangelists/disciples, from Peter to Mark, with Luke listed twice in what appears to be scribal error; twenty-six martyrs, including Victor, Nicasius, Quintinus, Eustace, Maurice, Dionysius, Donatus, Erasmus, and Blasius; twenty-one confessors/doctors/monks/hermits, including Anthony, Nicholas, Martin, Livin, Dominic, Amandus, Leonard, Bernard, Francis, Louis, Remigius, Eligius, Aegydius, Audomar, and Bertin; nineteen virgins/widows/continentes, including Mary Magdalene, Mary Egyptian, Anne, Ursula, Apollonia, Dorothy, Christina, Geneviève, and Martha; fols. 113v-116r: petitions; fols. 116r-117r: invocations; fols. 117v-119v: ten collects, with fifth one for pope 120r - 159v Office of the Dead Incipit vigilie mortuorum. Placebo. Dilexi quoniam Use of Rome; fols. 125v-126v: after Vespers, second collect specifies "N" for deceased man, and the third collect for deceased woman 160r - 170v Devotions to the Virgin Devotissima oratio ad mariam. Obsecro te domina Fols. 160r-163r: two prayers; fols. 163v-167r: O intemerata; fols. 167r-168r: Five Salutations on the Five Joys of the Virgin, rhyming, closing prayer; fol. 168r-v: Three Salutations to the Virgin; fols. 169r-170v: Prayers on the sorrow of the Virgin by the cross, rhyming 171r - 182v Suffrages (part 1) Memoria de sancta trinitate Te invocamus te laudamus te Suffrages to: fol. 171r-v: the Trinity; fol. 172r-v: St. Michael; fol. 173r-v: St. John the Baptist; fol. 174r-v: SS. Peter and Paul; fol. 175r-v: St. Andrew; fol. 176r-v: St. James the Greater; fol. 177r-v: St. John the Evangelist; fol. 178r-v: St. Thomas; fol. 179r: SS. Philip and James; fol. 180r-v: St. Bartholomew; fol. 181r-v: Matthias; fol. 182r-v: St. Barnabas 183r - 186r Two Gospel sequences Inicium sancti evvangelii secundum iohannem. Gloria tibi domine. In principio erat verbum Randall has suggested this portion is misbound, but it is uncertain what the correct placement was originally; fols. 183r-184v: John 1.1-14 and prayer; fols. 185r-186r: Luke 1.26-38 187r - 201v Suffrages and prayers (part 2) De sancto sebastiano. Antiphona. O quam mirra refulsit Suffrages with interspersed prayers: fol. 187r-v: St. Sebastian; fol. 188r-v: St. Stephen; fol. 189r-v: St. Lawrence; fol. 190r-v: St. Anthony; fols. 191r-192r: St. Claudius; fol. 193r-v: St. Francis; fol. 194r-v: Eight Verses of St. Bernard; fol. 195r-v: Omnipotens sempiterne deus; fols. 196r-197v: St. Anne; fol. 198r-v: St. Mary Magdalene; fol. 199r-v: St. Catherine; fol. 200r-v: St. Barbara; fol. 201r-v: St. Margaret; fols. 202r-206r: Prayer to the Virgin for reading on Saturday, attached to prayer to the Virgin as intercessor; fols. 206v-207r: Oratio. De deprecor ego mitissimam; fols. 208r-211r: Prayer to Christ for forgiveness of sins

Well-selected and prepared medium-weight parchment; flyleaves and adjoining pastedowns are modern parchment

 Foliation: i+211+2 bis folios+i21.1 14.5 10.3 6.8 Two folios were left unnumbered at time of foliation and now carry a "bis" number; modern pencil foliation, upper right corners rectos

Quire 1: 8 (fols. 1-8); Quires 2-3: 6 (fols. 9-20); Quire 4: 4 (fols. 21-24); Quire 5: 8 (fols. 25-32); Quire 6: 4 (fols. 33-36); Quire 7: 8, with first folio missing (fols. 37-43); Quire 8: 8 (fols. 44-51); Quire 9: 8, including fol. 52 bis (fols. 52-58); Quires 10-23: 8 (fols. 59-170); Quires 24-25: 4 (fols. 171-178); Quire 26: 2, with first folio added (fols. 179-181); Quire 27: 6 (fols. 182-187); Quires 28-29: 4 (fols. 188-195); Quire 30: 6 (fols. 196-201); Quire 31: 8, including fol. 203bis (fols. 202-208); Quire 32: 2, with third folio added (fols. 209-211) Sometimes visible in far lower right corners; some provide evidence of the later rearrangement of quires, such as signatures a2 and a3 on fols. 183 and 184 Occasional catchwords visible starting on fol. 14v; some complete examples as on fol. 32v

Ruled in pale rose ink; layout not exactly the same in calendar: written space 10.5 x 6.9 cm, 4 columns, 17 lines Decorated initials fols. 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 20r, and 23r Written in littera batarda Decorated illuminated initial fol. 25r Decorated initial fol. 31r Decorated initials on fols. 53r, 63r, 67r, 71r, 75r, and 82r Decorated initial on fol. 91r Decorated initial on fol. 91r Decorated initial on fol. 120r Decorated initial fol. 163v Decorated initials on fols. 171r, 172r, 173r, 174r, 175r, 176r, 177r, 178r, 179r, 180r, 181r, and 182r Decorated initials on fols. 183r and 185r Decorated illuminated initials on fols. 187r, 188r, 189r, 190r, 191r, 193r, 194r, 196r, 198r, 199r, 200r, 201r, 202r, and 208r No full-page miniatures are extant but were likely there and are now missing; remaining illuminations appear to be by Ghent Associates; twelve illusionistic borders, some with drolleries; fifty-one extant decorated illuminated initials (5 lines), with one missing at the beginning of Hours of the Virgin (after fol. 37); smaller, less carefully painted foliate initials at secondary text divisions and for KL in calendar (2-3 lines); grisaille, red-brown, and gold initials for versals (1 line); occasional line filler throughout in same colors as versals; rubrics in red; text in dark brown ink Initial "G" with pansy Suffrage to St. Piatus Decorated illuminated initial "G," 5 lines Initial "I" with green sheaf and red berries Passion sequence of John Decorated illuminated initial "I," 5 lines Initial "D" with gold and pearl jewel Hours of the Cross Decorated illuminated initial "D," 5 lines Initial "D" with dove of the Holy Spirit Hours of the Holy Spirit Decorated illuminated initial "D," 5 lines Initial "D" with jeweled cross pendant of gold and pearls Hours of the Virgin: Lauds Decorated illuminated initial "D," 5 lines Initial "D" with heraldry of Philip the Handsome, and marginal female grotesque playing vielle Advent Office of the Virgin Decorated illuminated initial "D," 5 lines, and marginalia Initial "D" with harp Seven Penitential Psalms Decorated illuminated initial "D," 5 lines Initial "D" with skull and crossbones Office of the Dead: Vespers Decorated illuminated initial "D," 5 lines

Scroll around skull reads "Respice finem," or "Look to the end."

 Initial "O" with man trying to catch bees with basket O Intemerata Decorated illuminated initial "O," 8 lines Initial "T" with Crucifixion with Mary and John on hanging shield Suffrages: Suffrage to the Trinity Decorated illuminated initial "T," 5 lines Initial "O" with jeweled red scallop shell Suffrages: Suffrage to St. James the Greater Decorated illuminated initial "O," 5 lines

The scallop shell is the attribute of St. James the Greater.

 Initial "I" with serpent in chalice with rosaries Suffrages: Suffrage to St. John the Baptist Decorated illuminated initial "I," 5 lines

The serpent and chalice is the attribute of St. John the Baptist.

 Initial "O" with skull in suspended gold medallion Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Thomas Decorated illuminated initial "O," 5 lines Initial "U" with hanging gray bell Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Anthony Decorated illuminated initial "U," 5 lines

The bell is an attribute of St. Anthony.

 Initial "I" with green fronds with rosary beads in maiolica vase Eight Verses of St. Bernard Decorated illuminated initial "I," 5 lines Initial "U" with wheel Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Catherine Decorated illuminated initial "U," 5 lines

The wheel is an attribute of St. Catherine.

 Initial "O" with tower suspended by hook Suffrages: Suffrage to St. Barbara Decorated illuminated initial "O," 5 lines

The tower is an attribute of St. Barbara.

Bound in Flanders (Ghent?) ca. fifteenth-sixteenth century and repaired ca. 1900; brown leather over wood boards; sewn on five single bands, rehitched at beginning and end by rebacker; upper and lower boards decorated with four blind-tooled panels depicting angels playing instruments (horn, triangle drum, lute, portative organ, harp) within spiraling vines, a design connected with the Gavere family of binders (see W.170 and W.439 for related); inscription around border is from Psalm 137.1, and reads (beginning in the upper left corner and going clockwise): "In conspectu angelorum psallam tibi domine et adorabo ad templum sanctum tuum et confitebor nomini tuo"; spine rounded and backed, with modern endbands in pink and green silk; edges gilded and gauffered with pairs of fillets forming large diamonds with centered rosettes formed of six dots around a central dot (Randall sees this, but it is difficult to make out); traces of clasps with five rivets are visible on edges of boards; brass studs on cover are probably modern; modern leather fore-edge tabs mark illuminations

 Ca. 1490-1500 CE Ghent (?) Created ca. 1490s, likely in Ghent, with art by a member of the Ghent Associates Philip the Handsome (1478-1506), duke of Austria, Brabant, and Burgundy, count of Flanders and Hainaut; his heraldry found in initial on fol. 91r, possibly indicating patronage; initial "G" written in upper corner on fol. 15r has been suggested as personal device used by Engelbert of Nassau or Philip the Handsome (see Alexander, 1970, pp. 9-10) Discalced Carmelite monastery, inscription ca. 1700 in brown ink on fol. 1: "Sr: Prats" (?), and below: "Carmelitarum Discalceatorum Eremi Nethensis" Owned by the Abbey of la Bussière-sur-Ouche (Côte-d'Or) until ca. 1800, according to a modern owner's note in WAM file Gautier d'Albrard, France, ca. 1800; passed down to his son-in-law Baron Zangiacomi, who passed it down to his son-in-law, Baron Lacave La Plagne of La Plagne (Gers); this ownership information provided in a note attached to the latter's visiting card, which records the address 7 rue Chateaubriand, Paris (in WAM file) Léon Gruel, French (Paris) bookbinder and dealer, early twentieth century Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel in 1923 for $1,040 (date and price recorded in pencil on top right corner of back pastedown) Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 806, cat. no. 310. Baltimore Museum of Art. The Greek tradition in painting and the minor arts: an exhibition sponsored jointly by the Baltimore Museum of Art and the Walters Art Gallery from May 15 through June 25, 1939. Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, 1939, p. 80, cat. no. 106. Alexander, J. J. G. The Master of Mary of Burgundy: A Book of Hours for Engelbert of Nassau. Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1970; pp. 9-10. Bowles, E. A., "A Checklist of Musical Instruments in Fifteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts at the Walters Art Gallery," Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association, 1976, pp. 722-23. Owens, M. B., "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders", Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1987, p. 479. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 459-65, cat. no. 286. Holford-Strevens, Leofranc. “Sirens in Antiquity and the Middle Ages.” In Music of the Sirens. Edited by Linda Austern and Inna Naroitskaya, 16-51. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2006; p. 50 (n. 125 for p. 36). Wijsman, Hanno. “Philippe le Beau dans les livres: Un 'gran oublié’ de l’histoire.” In Books in Transition at the Time of Philip the Fair‬: Manuscripts and Printed Books in the Late Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century Low Countries‬. Edited by Henri Willem Wijsman, Ann Kelders, and Susie Speakman Sutch, 17-92. 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