Walters Ms. W.442.A-D, Stein Quadriptych Sequence of miniatures for private devotion (Stein Quadriptych) artist Bening, Simon, 1483 or 1484-1561 Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbold, Rebekah Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbert, Lynley Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 The Stein Quadriptych was likely created in Bruges, and it has been attributed to Simon Bening and associates, ca. 1525-30. This collection of sixty-four miniatures is mounted in four panels, each in sets of sixteen miniatures per panel. The ensemble of miniatures was first cited in scholarly literature as the Stein Quadriptych because the earliest known owner of the collection was Charles Stein until 1886. The miniatures seem to have been dismantled at some point and then reassembled in these four panels. No texts have been found on the backs of these miniatures by the Walters Conservation Department. However, because it was normal practice for illuminated folios to be inserted into South Netherlandish prayer books without accompanying text on the back, the lack of textual evidence does not rule out the possibility that these miniatures were once part of a prayer book. Based on formal visual analysis and the use of color, however, these 64 miniatures appear to have been meant to be viewed as an ensemble. The recitation of prayers from a book or from memory may have been intended while the suppliant viewed the visual program. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.442.A-D No linguistic content; Not applicable PanelA1r - PanelD64r Sequence of miniatures for private devotion (Stein Quadriptych)

Miniatures on parchment, mounted on paper affixed to wooden board

 Foliation: n/a0.0 0.0 Sixty-four small miniatures mounted into four groups of sixteen; numbered here from left to right, top to bottom

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Consists of four panels, each containing sixteen miniatures; measurements of panels is 35.5 x 29 cm; measurements of miniatures is 6.8 x 5.2 cm Joachim and St. Anne at Golden Gate and Annunciation to Joachim Miniature Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple Miniature Marriage of the Virgin and Joseph Miniature Annunciation Miniature Visitation Miniature Navitity-Adoration Miniature Holy Family Miniature Annunciation to Shepherds Miniature Adoration of Shepherds, Virgin reading Miniature Circumcision Miniature Adoration of Magi Miniature Presentation in Temple Miniature Flight into Egypt Miniature Massacre of the Innocents Miniature Christ among the Doctors Miniature Virgin sewing gray-white fabric, youthful Christ reads gilt-edged green book Miniature Baptism of Christ Miniature Two Temptations of Christ: in the dessert and on top of rock Miniature Wedding at Cana Miniature Christ helps the demoniac Miniature Feast in the house of Simon the Pharisee (Simon the Leper) in Bethany, St. Mary Magdalene anoints Christ’s feet Miniature Raising of Lazarus Miniature Feast in house of Simon the Pharisee Miniature Last Supper, Christ gives Judas sop Miniature Agony in the Garden: Christ kneeling Miniature Agony in the Garden: Christ at back, lies face down on rock Miniature Agony in the Garden: Christ at center front, orant Miniature Christ addresses apostles Miniature Arrest of Christ Miniature Christ beset by four men outside house of the High Priest Miniature Christ before High Priest Annas Miniature Mocking of Christ Miniature Christ’s fall before judge Miniature Christ before Herod Miniature Flagellation Miniature Christ after Flagellation, hand untied; Christ fallen to ground before Flagellation column Miniature Christ after the Flagellation, tended by weeping St. Peter Miniature Christ in the river Cedron Miniature Christ crowned with Thorns Miniature Ecce homo Miniature Christ carrying Cross, weeping Veronica at right raises veiled hands to his face Miniature Christ falling under weight of Cross Miniature Christ carrying Cross, Virgin looks on Miniature Christ stripped of his robe Miniature Christ nailed to Cross Miniature Elevation of the Cross, crucified thieves at left and right, sorrowing Virgin seated on ground at back amid five nimbed fingers Miniature Crucifixion, sorrowful Virgin and weeping St. John Evangelist in foreground at left, St. Staphaton offers sponge at right Miniature Crucifixion, sorrowing Virgin left of Cross, St. Mary Magdalene at right embracing Cross, St. John Evangelist behind her, Longinus at left front pierces Christ’s side Miniature Deposition Miniature Lamentation Miniature Christ carried to sepulcher Miniature Entombment Miniature Virgin, St. John Evangelist, and St. Mary Magdalene before Christ’s tomb, weeping as they depart from Calvary Miniature Mater dolorosa Miniature 989,627,195 Miniature Resurrection Miniature Noli me tangere Miniature Christ appearing to his mother, redeemed souls in background Miniature Doubting Thomas Miniature Ascension of Christ Miniature Pentecost Miniature Death of Virgin Miniature Assumption of the Virgin Miniature Last Judgment Miniature

Mounted in groups of sixteen within four nineteenth-century gilt frames, which have themselves been encased in modern glass

 Ca. 1525-30 CE Bruges Created in Bruges ca. 1525-30; attributed to Simon Bening and associates, possibly for Cardinal Albrecht of Bradenburg Charles Stein, Paris, before 1886 Bourgeois, purchased from Stein sale, Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, May 10, 1886, no. 241 Ownership in Spain ca. 1888 suggested by photographs taken by Maison Laurent in Madrid Henry Walters, Baltimore, before 1911; recorded in shipment of manuscripts and books received in Baltimore from New York via Adams Express Co.; receipt of April 13, 1911, and recorded in inventory thereafter by Gallery Superintendent James C. Anderson Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Darcel, A. "La Collection Charles Stein." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 33 (1886: 132) Exhibition and Sale Catalogues: Catalogue des objets d'art, de haute curiosité et d'ameublement composant l'importante collection de M. Ch. Stein, intr. C. Yriarte, Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, May 10, 1886: no. 241 (4 illus.: Panels A-D) Destrée, J. "Recherches sur les enlumineurs flamands," Bulletin des Commissions Royales d'Art et d'Archéologie 36/37 (1897/88): 80-85 Kaemmerer, L and Ströhl, H. G. Ahnenreihen aus dem Stammbaum des portugiesischen Könighauses (Stuttgart, 1903), p. 20 Destrée, J. Les Heures Notre Dame dites de Hennessy (Brussels, 1923): pp. 19-23 (headed "Triptyque Stein"), pls. 1-4 (Panels A-D) Winkler, F. Die Flämische Buchmalerei des XV. und XVI. Jahrhunderts: Künstler und Werke von den Brüdern van Eyck bis zu Simon Bening (Leipzig, 1925): pp. 139-140, Pl. 83, p. 184 De Ricci, Seymour, and William J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 809, cat. no. 324. De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 2. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 2291, ref. to identification of W.442 as housed in Madrid, Royal Library (Winkler 1925) Exhibition of Flemish Painting, Worcester Art Museum-Philadelphia Museum of Art (1939), no. 50, illus. (D50-51, D54-55) The Life of Christ, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, 1948, no. 184, Figs. 15, 16, pp. 31-32 (Panels B-D) Seaver, E. I. "How Word Became Image," Art News 47/1 (1948): 27, illus. C37-48, miscaptioned D. Miner. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art (Baltimore, 1949): no. 212, Pl. LXXIX (Panel B) Verdier, P. L'Art religieux: Formes de l'art 2 (Paris, 1956), color illus. n.o. (Panel D) Breckenridge, "Et Prima vidit: The Iconography of the Appearance of Christ to His Mother." Art Bulletin 49 (1957): 9-32, esp. 28-30, fig. 17 (D58) Bulletin of the Walters Art Gallery 12, no. 3 (1959): illus. p. I (A9, A7) Wescher, P. "Beiträge zu Sanders und Simon Bening und Gerard Horenbout," Festschrift Friedrich Winkler (Berlin, 1959): pp. 126-135, esp. p. 133 and Fig. 10 (B25-26, B29-30) Winkler, F. "Das Gebetbuch des Kardinals Albrechts von Brandenburg," Aachener Kunstblätter 23 (1961/62): p. 12 Diringer, D. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production, rev. ed. (New York, 1967): p. 457, fig. VII-36 (Panel C) Sittow, M."Le Couronnement de la Vierge," La Revue du Louvre 17, no. 6 (1967): 346, 349, Fig. 4 (Panel B) Biermann, A. W. "Die Miniaturenhandschriften des Kardinals Albrecht von Brandenburg (1514-1545)," Aachener Kunstblätter 46, 1975: pp. 31, 268, Figs 12-15 (Panels A-D) Ferguson, D.S., Schaff, S., and Vikan, G. under the direction of C. Nordenfalk, Medieval and Renaissance Miniatures from the National Gallery of Art, exh. cat., Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art (1975): p. 190, ref. under no. 49 Marrow, J. "From Sacred Metaphor to Descriptive Narrative: Transformations of Passion Iconography in the Late Middle Ages," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University (New York, 1975), pp. 177, 264 Rose, P. "The Iconography of the Raising of the Cross," Print Review 5: Tribute to Wolfgang Stechow (Spring 1976). ed. W.L. Strauss: 135 Kupfer-Tatasulo, M. "Innovation and Copy in the Stein Quadriptych of Simon Bening," Zfk 42 (1979): pp. 209-226 Kupfer-Tatasulo, M. "A Rosary Psalter Illuminated by Simon Bening," Quaerendo 9/3 (1979): pp. 274-298, Figs. 1-4 (Panels A-D) Marrow, J. H. Passion Iconography in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance: A Study of the Transformation of Sacred Metaphor into Descriptive Narrative. Ars Neerlandica. Studies in the History of Art in the Low Countries I (Brussels, 1979): pp.79, 106, Figs 49, 75 (C33, C38) von Euw, A. and Plotzek, J. M. Die Handschriften der Sammlung Ludwig (Cologne, 1979-85), vol. 2 (1982, by J. M. Plotzek): pp. 282, 284, 298, 300, 302, 306, 313 Büttner, F. O. Imitatio Pietatis: Motive der christlichen Ikonographie als Modelle zur Verähnlichung (Berlin, 1983): p. 119 (erroneous ref. to W.422) Marrow, J. H. "Nikolaus Glockendon and Simon Bening: German Copies of the Evangelist Portraits in Bening's Stockholm Book of Hours," Nationalmuseum Bulletin 7/2 (1983): p. 101 Renaissance Painting in Manuscripts: Treasures from the British Library, ed. T. Kren, contr. J. Backhouse, M. Evans, T. Kren, and M. Orth, intr. D.H. Turner, exh. cat., Malibu, J. Paul Getty Museum; New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, 1983-84 (New York, 1983): pp. 9-10, Fig. 5 (Panel B) Ringbom, S. Icon to Narrative: The Rise of the Dramatic Close-up in Fifteenth-Century Devotional Painting. Acta Academiae Aboensis, ser. A: Humaniora, 31/2 (Äbo, 1965; 2nd ed., Doorspijk, 1983): pp. 205-209, Figs. 191-194 (Panels A-D) Marrow, J. H. "Simon Bening in 1521: A Group of Dated Miniatures," in Liber Amicorum, 1984: p. 539 Smyers, M. "The Art of Illumination," in Flemish Art, 1985: p. 169, color illus. (A9-10, A13-14) Testa, J. A. The Beatty Rosarium: A Manuscript with Miniatures by Simon Bening. Studies and Facsimiles of Netherlandish Illuminated Manuscripts I, ed. James Marrow (Doornspijk, 1986): pp. 42, 56, 69 Dogaer, M. G. Flemish Miniature Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries (Amsterdam, 1987): pp. 171, 172, 177 Plotzek, J. M. Andachtsbücher des Mittelalters aus Privatbesitz, exh. cat., Cologne, Schnütgen Museum, 1987: p. 232 Kren, T. Simon Bening Flemish Calendar, Faksimile-Verlag (Lucerne, 1988): pp. 203, 218, Fig. 13 (Panel C) Hindman, S.L. Four Miniatures by Simon Bening, exh. cat., London: Hazlitt, Gooden & Fox Ltd., in association with Bruce P. Ferrini Rare Books, Akron, Ohio, and Sam Fogg Rare Books and Manuscripts, London (1989): p. 17 (cf. Günther [1993], no. XXXIII) Bulletin of the Walters Art Gallery 42, no. 5 (1989): [14], color illus. A7, A16 Wieck, Roger S. "Masters and Manuscripts or How to Distinguish One Illuminator from Another". 42 No.4. The Walters. 04/1989:2-4. figure (panel I), figure (panel IV); cover, p.4 Steenbock, F. "Largesse-- Münzen, Blüten, und Mannaregen: Eine Motivstudie," Festschrift für Peter Bloch, ed. H. Krohm, C. Theuerkauff (Mainz, 1990): p. 142 Brinkmann, B. and König, E. Simon Bening: Das Blumen-Stundenbuch (Lucerne, 1991) vol. 2: pp. 12, 28, 110, 115, 120, 234, 250, 333, 338, 342-343 Leesti, E. "A Depiction of Saint Sebald of Nuremberg by Simon Bening," Oud Holland 105/2 (1991): 125 Testa, J. A. "Fragments of a Spanish Prayerbook with Miniatures" Oud Holland 105/2 (1991): p. 111 (cf. London, Sotheby's June 23, 1992, lot 22) Walker Mann, J. Medieval Art: The Saint Louis Art Museum Winter 1992 Bulletin, n. s. xx/3: 57-59 Arnould, A. and Massing, J.M., with contributions by P. Spufford and M. Blackburn, Splendours of Flanders, exh. cat., Fitzwilliam Museum (Cambridge, 1993): p. 86, ref. under no. 27 New York, Christie's, June 9, 1993, ref. under lot 6 Bruce Ferrini, Cat. 3 (1995), ref. under lots 54-55 Flemish Illuminated Manuscripts, 1475-1550, ed. and contr. M. Smeyers and J. Van der Stock, exh. cat., Saint Petersburg, State Hermitage Museum; Florence, Museo Bardini (Ghent, 1996; dist. H.N. Abrams, New York): p. 28 Smeyers, Maurits, and Van der Stock, Jan, eds.. Flemish Manuscripts: 1475-1550. Belgium: Ludion Press. 1996. p. 28 Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 539-548, cat. no. 298. Kren, Thomas and Scot McKendrick. Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe. Los Angeles : J. Paul Getty Museum. 2003.pp. 29, 43, 167, 412, 458-460, 472 Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art, Painting, Sculpture, The Graphic Arts from 1350 to 1575. Second Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 2005. pp. 172; 173, 8.17 Bartz, Gabriele; Konig, Eberhard; Wiedemann, Konrad. Bebetbuch des Herzogs Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg. Munich: Wissen Media Verlag GmbH. 2006 no. 15; Plate VI Wieck, Roger S. The Van Damme Hours Illuminated by Simon Bening. New York: The Pierpont Morgan Library, 2013. p. 68, fig. 4 Ransom, Lynn. The Stein Quadriptych : a Vita Christi by Simon Bening; Commentary to the Fine Art Facsimile Edition of the Stein Quadriptych in the Walters Museum Baltimore, W.442, Simbach/Inn : Müller & Schindler (2014) Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Christian Flemish Illumination Manuscript Miniature Painting Walters Art Museum Flanders 16th century Devotion Book of Hours Prayer book