Walters Ms. W.44, Psalter for Cistercian female supplicant Calendar Added prayer and Gospel sequence Prefatory image cycle Biblical Psalter Weekly Canticles Litany and collects Added hymn to the Virgin Psalter Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Sedovic, Katherine Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This biblical Psalter was created in French Flanders for a lady with Cistercian connections in the third quarter of the thirteenth century. Fourteenth-century additions for the use of a woman suggest that it continued to be used by female supplicants for some time after its creation. A prefatory cycle of ten full-page miniatures was also added in the fourteenth century, which complemented the original, and more traditional, series of ten historiated initials found within the Psalter. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.44 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 207v Psalter 1v - 13r Calendar Januarius habet dies .xxxi. Luna .xxx. Calendar one third full, graded in black, blue, and red; Egyptian days indicated; contents suggest Cistercian use; notable saints include Peter, archbishop of Tarentaise (May 8), Remigius (Oct. 1), Dionysius (Oct. 9), Malachy (Nov. 5), and Anianus (Nov. 17) 15r - 17r Added prayer and Gospel sequence O intemerata et in eternum Text added in fourteenth century for use by a female supplicant; fols. 15r-16v: prayer to the Virgin; fols. 16v-17r: Gospel sequence from John 1.1-14 18v - 27r Prefatory image cycle 28r - 189v Biblical Psalter Beatus vir Ten-partite biblical Psalter, with divisions at Psalms 1, 26, 38, 51, 52, 68, 80, 97, 101, and 109 189v - 205r Weekly Canticles Confitebor tibi 205r - 207v Litany and collects Fols. 205r-207r: litany; with six martyrs including Dionysius and Maurice; five confessors: Silvester, Martin, Augustine, Nicolas, and Benedict; eleven virgins including Pecina and Benedicta; fols. 207r-v: two collects 207r - 207v Added hymn to the Virgin Hymn to the Virgin, added in the fifteenth century; incomplete, as last quire was lost after 1902, when Jacques Rosenthal recorded it ended with "...Salue salus humani generis Salue virgo dignior ceteris."

Medium-weight, cream-colored parchment; well prepared

 Foliation: v+207+v15.4 10.0 10.2 7.0 Modern pencil foliation lower right corners, rectos

Quire 1: 12 (fols. 1-12); Quire 2: 1, is a singleton (fols. 13); Quire 3: 4 (fols. 14-17); Quire 4: 10 (fols. 18-27); Quires 5-13: 8 (fols. 28-99); Quire 14: 6 (fols. 100-105); Quire 15-19: 8 (fols. 106-145); Quire 20: 6 (fols. 146-151); Quire 21-27: 8 (fols. 152-207) Occasionally found on rectos of first folio in quire Some lost during cropping; remains of catchwords visible beginning on fol. 35v

Layout does not apply to calendar (8.2 x 10.3 cm, five columns); calendar ruled in brown crayon, Psalter text ruled in lead Written in textura by later, fourteenth-century hand Written in textura semi-quadrata Ten full-page images in facing pairs with blank backs, added in the fourteenth century, on fols.18v, 19r, 20v, 21r, 22v, 23r, 24v, 25r, 26v, and 27r Historiated initials fols. 28r, 51v, 67v, 82r, 82v, 97r, 116r, 133r, 135v, and 152r Ten full-page miniatures, added in fourteenth century; ten historiated initials original to Psalter (3-8 lines); decorated initials in gold against blue and rose grounds with white foliate and animal details in calendar and introducing minor psalms (2-3 lines); psalm versals in alternating blue and gold with blue and red pen trails (1 line); geometric and foliate line fillers throughout; rubrics in red; text in black ink Annunciation Full-page miniature Nativity Full-page miniature Adoration of the Magi Full-page miniature Presentation in the Temple Full-page miniature Flagellation Full-page miniature Crucifixion Full-page miniature Three Marys at the Tomb Full-page miniature Harrowing of Hell Full-page miniature Ascension Full-page miniature Pentecost Full-page miniature Initial "B" with David playing harp Psalm 1 Historiated initial "B," 9 lines Initial "D" with David anointed by Samuel Psalm 26 Historiated initial "D," 7 lines Initial "D" with David pointing to mouth before the face of God Psalm 38 Historiated initial "D," 7 lines Initial "D" with Ahimelech being beheaded by Doeg Psalm 51 Historiated initial "D," 5 lines Initial "D" with the fool holding a club and biting a loaf Psalm 52 Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "S" with David in water below Christ Psalm 68 Historiated initial "S," 7 lines Initial "E" with David playing bells Psalm 80 Historiated initial "E," 7 lines Initial "C" with clerics singing Psalm 97 Historiated initial "C," 7 lines Initial "D" with kneeling female supplicant Psalm 101 Historiated initial "D," 3 lines Initial "D" with God the Father and Christ Psalm 109 Historiated initial "D," 6 lines

Rebound in the early twentieth century in burnt sienna velvet, and housed at that time in a telescopic case, by Léon Gruel, Paris; edges gilt; earlier binding described in Rosenthal catalog as having been brown calf, with monogram "P P L" within a series of four "S's" struck through with a vertical line

 Third quarter of the 13th century CE Northeast France (Flanders at the time) Made for a lady with Cistercian connections in the third quarter of the thirteenth century; evidence includes initial with woman kneeling in prayer fol. 136v, and Cistercian saints in calendar Second female owner suggested by fourteenth-century addition of prayers to Virgin for female supplicant, fols. 15r-17r Jacques Rosenthal collection, Munich; 1901 dealer catalog 27, no. 74 Léon Gruel, Paris, early twentieth century; Gruel and Engelmann bookplate on front flyleaf i,v, inscribed "No. 63" Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1902 and 1931 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works De Ricci, S., and W.J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 770, cat. no. 80. Miner, Dorothy. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Exhibition Catalogue. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949; cat. no. 53. Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1958; p. 386. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 1, pt. 1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989; pp. 75-77, cat. no. 32. Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1997; p. 367 (n. 202). Noel, William, and Daniel Weiss. The Book of Kings: Art, War, and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible. London: Third Millennium Publishing; Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2002, p. 163, cat. no. 12. Bennett, Adelaide. "The Transformation of the Gothic Psalter." In The Illuminated Psalter. Edited by F.O. Bütner, 211-222. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004; p. 219 (n. 43). Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Psalter Christian Flemish French Book Codex Historiated initial Illumination Manuscript Miniature Painting Walters Art Museum Flanders France 13th century Devotion 14th century