Walters Ms. W.659, Turkish version of the Wonders of creationTercüme-yi ʿAcāʾib ül-maḫlūḳātترجمه عجائب المخلوقاتQazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad, ca. 1203-1283Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad al-Qazwīnīزكريا بن محمد القزوينيscribeMuḥammad ibn Muḥammad Shākir Rūzmah-ʾi Nāthānīمحمد بن محمد شاكر روزمه ناثانيScribe name in Turkish transliteration: Muḥammed bin Muḥammed Şāker Rūzmeh-’i Nās̱ānīPrincipal catalogerGacek, AdamCatalogerLandau, AmyCatalogerSmith, SitaEditorBockrath, DianeContributorBarrera, ChristinaContributorEmery, DougContributorHerbert, LynleyContributorNoel, WilliamContributorSimpson, ShreveContributorTabritha, ArielContributorToth, Michael B.ContributorValle, ChiaraConservatorJewell, StephanieConservatorQuandt, AbigailThe Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

This is an Ottoman illuminated and illustrated Turkish version of ʿAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt (Wonders of creation) by Zakarīyā al-Qazwīnī (d. 692 AH / 1293 CE), made at the request of the Vizier Murtaza Paşa (Murtaḍá Pāshā) (fl. eleventh century AH / seventeenth CE). The codex was completed in 1121 AH / 1717 CE by Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Shākir Rūzmah-ʾi Nāthānī. There are 444 paintings illustrating the text. The binding is not original to the manuscript.BaltimoreThe Walters Art MuseumW.659The primary language in this manuscript is Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928). The secondary language of this manuscript is Arabic.fols. 2b - 303aTercüme-yi ʿAcāʾib ül-maḫlūḳātترجمه عجائب المخلوقاتحمد جميع محامد وثناء هر راكع وساجد ...Chapter headings and quotations in Arabicscribeḥarrarahu al-faqīr al-ḥaqī Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad /1/ Shākir Rūzmah-ʾi Nāthānī /2/ ghaffara Allāh dhunūbahu wa-li-wālidayy [sic] /3/ wa-aḥsana ilayhimā wa-ilahi /4/ sanah 1121 /5/ fī 12 n (=Ramaḍān)Written in Arabic, giving the name of the scribe and the date of copying

European laid paper (watermark unidentified)

Foliation: i+304+i33.020.024.512.0Last folio blank

Written obliquely on versos

Written in vocalized naskh script in black, with some words in redFour hundred forty-four illustrations; illuminated headpiece (fol. 2b); tailpiece consisting of two trees surrounding a colophon (fol. 303a); frameIncipit page with illuminated headpieceIncipit; headpieceOrbit of the moonIllustrationThis illustration depicts the orbit of the moon (falak al-qamar).Formation of the crescent of the moonIllustrationLunar eclipseIllustrationThis illustration depicts the lunar eclipse (khusūf).Orbit of MercuryIllustrationThis illustration depicts the orbit of Mercury (falak ʿuṭārid).MercuryIllustrationOrbit of Venus and VenusIllustrationThese illustrations depict the orbit of Venus (falak al-zuharah) and Venus.Orbit of the sunIllustrationThis illustration depicts the orbit of the sun (falak al-shams).Symbol of the sunIllustrationSolar eclipseIllustrationThis illustration depicts the solar eclipse (kusūf).Symbol of MarsIllustrationThis illustration depicts the symbol of Mars (al-mirrīkh).Jupiter and SaturnIllustrationThese illustrations depict Jupiter (al-mushtarī) and Saturn (al-zukhal).Orbit of the fixed starsIllustrationThis illustration depicts the orbit of the fixed stars (falak al-thawābit).Ursa Minor and Ursa MajorIllustrationThese illustrations depict Ursa Minor (al-dubb al-aṣghar) and Ursa Major (al-dubb al-akbar).DracoIllustrationThis illustration depicts Draco (al-tinnīn).Cepheus and Corona BorealisIllustrationThese illustrations depict Cepheus (al-qayqāwus) and Corona Borealis (al-iklīl).Corona Borealis and HerculisIllustrationThese illustrations depict Corona Borealis (al-fakkah) and Herculis (al-jāthī).Lyre and CygnusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Lyre (al-shalyāq) and Cygnus (al-dajājah).Cassiopeia and PerseusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Cassiopeia (Dhāt al-kursī) and Perseus (Barshāvush).Serpentarius, Sagitta, and AquilaIllustrationThese illustrations depict Serpentarius (Ḥawwā), Sagitta (kawkab al-sahm), and Aquila (al-ʿuqāb).Delphinus and EquuleusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Delphinus (al-dalfīn) and Equuleus (qiṭʿat al-faras).Pegasus and AndromedaIllustrationThese illustrations depict Pegasus (al-faras al-aʿẓam) and Andromeda (al-musalsalah).Pegasus (caption missing) and TrianguliumIllustrationAriesIllustrationThis illustration depicts Aries (al-ḥamal).Taurus and GeminiIllustrationThese illustrations depict Taurus (al-thawr) and Gemini (al-tawʾamān).Cancer and LeoIllustrationThese illustrations depict Cancer (al-saraṭān) and Leo (al-asad).Virgo and LibraIllustrationThese illustrations depicts Virgo (ʿadhrā’) and Libra (mīzān).Scorpio and SagittariusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Scorpio (al-ʿaqrab) and Sagittarius (al-rāmī).Capricorn and AquariusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Capricorn (al-jadī) and Aquarius (sākib al-māʾ).Pisces and CetusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Pisces (al-samakatān) and Cetus (al-fīṭus).OrionIllustrationThis illustration depicts Orion (here given as al-ḥayyān, properly al-jabbār).Eridanus and LepusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Eridanus (al-nahr) and Lepus (al-arnab).Canis Major, Canis Minor, and ArgoIllustrationThese illustrations depict Canis Major (al-kalb al-akbar), Canis Minor (al-kalb al-muqʿad), and Argo (al-safīnah).Hydra, Crater, and CorvusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Hydra (al-shujāʿ), Crater (al-bāṭiyah), and Corvus (al-ghurāb).Centaurus and LupusIllustrationThese illustrations depict Centaurus (fanṭaurus) and Lupus (al-sabuʿ).Ara, Corona Australis, and Pisces AustralisIllustrationThese illustrations depict Ara (al-mijmarah), Corona Australis (al-Iklīl al-janūbī), and Pisces Australis (kawkabat al-janūbī).Diagram showing the distribution and direction of the four windsIllustrationRainbowIllustrationThis illustration depicts a rainbow (quzḥah).The first two of the four carriers of the firmament (animal and angelic)IllustrationThe second two carriers of the firmament (lion and vulture)IllustrationA soul symbolized as an angelIllustrationThe angel IsrāfīlIllustrationThe Archangel GabrielIllustrationThis illustration depicts the Archangel Gabriel (Jibrāʾīl).The Archangel MichaelIllustrationThis illustration depicts the Archangel Michael (Mikāʾīl).Two angelsIllustrationThese illustrations depict two angels, the name of the first missing and the second called Ismāʿīl (represented by a bull).Three angelsIllustrationThese illustrations depict three angels, Mikhā’īl (represented by a hawk), Ṣāʿidyāʾil (represented by a vulture), and Ṣalṣāʾīl (represented by a horse).The angels Kalkāʾīl and ShamshāʾīlIllustrationThe angel RawyāʾīlIllustrationTwo angels, with a man in the middle charged to write down his good and bad deedsIllustrationThe angels called MuʿaqqibātIllustrationThis illustration depicts the angels called Muʿaqqibāt, who are charged with bringing blessings from the sun and taking the good deeds of men to heaven.The angels Munkir and NakīrIllustrationThis illustration depicts the angels Munkir and Nakīr, who are charged with questioning deceased people.The angels Hārūt and Mārūt hanging as a punishment for being critical of Adam’s fallIllustrationHāmān cuts a branch, with a bear on it, for the lion beneath the treeIllustrationBurāq (the Prophet Muḥammad's horse)IllustrationKing Solomon’s horseIllustrationA horseIllustrationA lionIllustrationA muleIllustrationA donkey and a wild assIllustrationA camelIllustrationA cow or a bullIllustrationA wild cow or bullIllustrationA buffaloIllustrationA giraffeIllustrationA sheepIllustrationA goatIllustrationA gazelleIllustrationA wild goatIllustrationA jackalIllustrationA weaselIllustrationA rabbit and a tigerIllustrationA fox and a young billy goatIllustrationThese illustrations depict a fox and a young billy goat (ḥarīs?).A pig (hog)IllustrationA bear and a hay-weaselIllustrationA wolf and a gray squirrelIllustrationAn elephant-like animalIllustrationThis illustration depicts an elephant-like animal (sannād).A catIllustrationA wild cat and an animal called sīrāyisIllustrationAn animal with one horn (name illegible)IllustrationA hyena and a lynxIllustrationA cheetahIllustrationThis illustration depicts a cheetah (fahd).An elephantIllustrationAn ermineIllustrationThis illustration depicts an ermine (qāqum).A monkeyIllustrationA rhinocerosIllustrationA dogIllustrationA leopardIllustrationThis illustration depicts a leopard (namir).An animal called nāmūr and a marten (sable)IllustrationThese illustrations depict an animal called nāmūr and a marten (sable) (sammūr).A turkey and a bird called abū harūzIllustrationThese illustrations depict a turkey (abū barāqish) and a bird called abū harūz.A duckIllustrationA hawk and a sparrow hawkIllustrationThese illustrations depict a hawk (bādhī) and a sparrow hawk (bāshaq).A parrot and a nightingaleIllustrationAn owlIllustrationA pheasant and a bird called tabūṭIllustrationA bird called ḥāḍinat al-afʿá (viper’s dry nurse)IllustrationA bustardIllustrationThis illustration depicts a bustard (ḥubārá).A kiteIllustrationA pigeonIllustrationA swiftIllustrationTwo swallowsIllustrationTwo bats and a francolin (a kind of partridge)IllustrationThese illustrations depict two bats (ḥaffāsh) and a francolin (a kind of partridge) (durrāj).A roosterIllustrationA henIllustrationAn eagleIllustrationA crowIllustrationThis illustration depicts a crow.A starling, a quail, and a royal falconIllustrationA bird called shafatīn, a green magpie, and a singing birdIllustrationThis illustration depicts a bird called shafatīn, a green magpie (shiqrāq), and a singing bird (ṣāfir).A saker and a sea gullIllustrationThis illustration depicts a saker (ṣaqr) and a sea gull.A peacock and a kind of partridgeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a peacock and a kind of partridge (ṭayhūj).A sparrowIllustrationAn eagle and a magpieIllustrationA fabulous (legendary) bird such as a griffon or sīmurghIllustrationThis illustration depicts a fabulous (legendary) bird such as a griffon or sīmurgh (ʿanqā).A ravenIllustrationA crane and a heron (?)IllustrationThese illustrations depict a crane and a heron (?) (ghawwāṣ).A ring-dove, a partridge, and a hoopoeIllustrationA sand-grouse and a turtle-doveIllustrationThese illustrations depict a sand-grouse (qaṭā) and a turtle-dove.An Indian bird called qūqīs and a craneIllustrationThese illustrations depict an Indian bird called qūqīs and a crane (kurkī).An Indian owl, a stork, and a heronIllustrationThese illustrations depict an Indian owl (kalīk), a stork (laqlaq), and a heron (mālik al-ḥazīn).A bird called makā and a vultureIllustrationThese illustrations depict a bird called makā and a vulture (nasr).An ostrich and a batIllustrationThese illustrations depict an ostrich and a bat (waṭwāṭ).A bird called yurāʿah (?) and a turtle-doveIllustrationThese illustrations depict a bird called yurāʿah (?) and a turtle-dove (yamām).A viperIllustrationThis illustration depicts a viper (afʿá).A large serpent and a locustIllustrationThis illustration depicts a large serpent (thuʿbān) and a locust (jarād).A lizardIllustrationThis illustration depicts a lizard (ḥayyah).Earthworms, a beetle, and a snakeIllustrationThese illustrations depict earthworms (kharāṭīn), a beetle, and a snake.A turtle and a strange animal called ḍājahIllustrationA scorpion and a mouseIllustrationThese illustrations depict a scorpion and a mouse (fārah).A hedgehog and an insect called maḥlIllustrationTwo ants and two strange creatures that fly and live on islandsIllustrationThese illustrations depict two ants and two strange creatures (ṭayyārīn) that fly and live on islands.A camel and three strange single-handed and single-legged creaturesIllustrationThe demon ʿŪj ibn ʿUnuq carries a mountain with which to kill Moses and his menIllustrationThe creatures dabbābī (half-man, half-bear) and ḍabaghī (half-wolf, half-hyena)IllustrationThe creatures dhū raʾsayn (with two heads), ḥayyat al-nās (a snake with a human head), and lā raʾs (with no head)IllustrationThe men shaykh al-baḥr (sheik of the sea) and insān-i barr (man of the desert)IllustrationThe creatures zāgh abū ʿujwah (half-crow, half-man) and dhū al-badanayn (having two bodies)IllustrationA two-winged foxIllustrationThis illustration depicts a two-winged fox (thaʿlab dhū al-janāḥayn).A winged animal of Dhābikh Island and a red animal of Vaynah (Vīnah?) (Sea of China)IllustrationTwo-winged creatures of Vaynah (Vīnah?) IslandIllustrationInhabitants of Dāmīnī and Vaynah (Vīnah?) islandsIllustrationQueen of the island of VāqvāqIllustrationTwo jinni of Aṭūrān Island and three pygmies found in the seaIllustrationA fabulous creature from Vaynah (Vīnah?) IslandIllustrationA fish and a large snake from Vaynah (Vīnah?) IslandIllustrationPalace on Qaṣr Island (Indian Ocean)IllustrationTwo neckless inhabitants of Ḥānah IslandIllustrationDragon of Tannīn Island and horned rabitIllustrationThis illustration depicts the dragon of Tannīn Island that Alexander the Great (Iskandar) killed and the horned rabbit that its inhabitants gave him as a gift.Three types of fish from around Vaynah (Vīnah?) IslandIllustrationTwo fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seasIllustrationA huge bird carries a man on its backIllustrationA huge fishIllustrationA fish with the head of an owlIllustrationA sick person and creatures of Saksār IslandIllustrationA long-legged person who climbs on the shoulders of strangersIllustrationA fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seasIllustrationA fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seasIllustrationA half-human, half-frog creatureIllustrationA fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seasIllustrationTwo strange fish from the Vaynah (Vīnah?) seasIllustrationA dragon of the Caspian SeaIllustrationThis illustration depicts a dragon of the Caspian Sea (Baḥr al-Khazar).The monster of the Caspian SeaIllustrationThis illustration depicts the monster of the Caspian Sea bringing a gift to Nūshīrvān after he has built a wall of Yājūj and Mājūj (Gog and Magog).A sea-rabbitIllustrationThis illustration depicts a sea-rabbit (arnab al-māʾ) (a fish that has the head of a rabbit).A man of the seaIllustrationThis illustration depicts a man of the sea (insān al-māʾ).A bull of the seaIllustrationThis illustration depicts a bull of the sea (baqar al-māʾ).A crocodileIllustrationThree fishIllustrationThese illustrations depict three fish, the first called zāmūr, the second a dolphin, and the third called dhū bayān.A sea crabIllustrationA skinkIllustrationA dragonIllustrationA turtleIllustrationTwo fish called sayūṭ and saqnīn and a frogIllustrationA water-horseIllustrationThis illustration depicts a water-horse.An animal called fāṭūs, another called qanṭā, and a beaverIllustrationThese illustrations depict an animal called fāṭūs, another called qanṭā, and a beaver (qunduz).Two fish called qunfadh al-māʾ (water-hedgehog) and qūqīIllustrationA water-dog and a swordfishIllustrationThese illustrations depict a water-dog (kalb al-māʾ) and a swordfish (kūsaj).Mount Bīstūn and the carvings of Khusraw, Shīrīn, and Farhād (?)IllustrationAaron, the brother of Moses, and two angelsIllustrationThis illustration depicts Aaron (Hārūn), the brother of Moses, and two angels.The talisman of Nahāvand: water pouring out of the mouths of a cow and a fishIllustrationThe monster of Gog and MagogIllustrationThis illustration depicts the monster of Gog and Magog (Yājūj va Mājūj).A man measures the level of the water in the NileIllustrationA king of Yaman in the company of two angelsIllustrationA myrtle treeIllustrationThis illustration depicts a myrtle tree (ās).An ebony treeIllustrationA citron treeIllustrationThis illustration depicts a citron tree (utruj).A plum tree and a cypress treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a plum tree (ijjāṣ) and a cypress tree (azād).An acacia tree and a turpentine treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict an acacia tree (umm ghaylān) and a turpentine tree (buṭum).A balsam tree and an oak treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a balsam tree (balsān) and an oak tree (ballūṭ).An apple treeIllustrationThis illustration depicts an apple tree (tuffāḥ).A tree called tanūth and a mulberry treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a tree called tanūth and a mulberry tree (tūt).A fig treeIllustrationThis illustration depicts a fig tree (tīn).A wild fig tree and a walnut treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a wild fig tree (jamīz) and a walnut tree (jawz).A peach tree and a tree called dār shīshʿānIllustrationThese illustrations depict a peach tree (khūkh) and a tree called dār shīshʿān.A plane tree and a pomegranate treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a plane tree (dalb) and a pomegranate tree (rummān).An olive treeIllustrationA quince tree, a cypress tree, and a sumac treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a quince tree (safarjal), a cypress tree (sarv), and a sumac tree.A red juniper tree and a cherry treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a red juniper tree (sandarūs) and a cherry tree (shabāb).A chestnut tree and a sandal treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a chestnut tree (shāh balūṭ) and a sandal tree.A pine tree and a terebinth treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a pine tree (ṣanawbar) and a terebinth tree (ḍirv).A tamarisk tree and a juniper treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a tamarisk tree (ṭarfā) and a juniper tree (ʿarʿar).A milky plant and an oak treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a milky plant (ʿashr) and an oak tree (ʿafṣ).A jujube tree and an aloeswood treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a jujube tree (ʿunnāb) and an aloeswood tree (ʿūd).Fruit (ghabīrā) of a tree called ghabrā and a poplar tree (gharab)IllustrationThese illustrations depict the fruit (ghabīrā) of a tree called ghabrā and a poplar tree (gharab).Pistachio of Syria and pepper of IndiaIllustrationA plant called qarnafīlIllustrationA camphor treeIllustrationA pear tree and lāghiyah plantsIllustrationThese illustrations depict a pear tree (kummathrā) and lāghiyah plants (perhaps lāʿiyah or Irish spurge).A frankincense tree and an almond treeIllustrationThese illustrations depict a frankincense tree (lubān) and an almond tree.A lemon treeIllustrationAn apricot tree and a banana treeIllustrationAn orange tree and a coconut treeIllustrationA lotus treeIllustrationThis illustration depicts a lotus tree (nabq).A palm treeIllustrationA jasmine bush and a rose bushIllustrationA grape vine and a plant called the ears of the mouseIllustrationThese illustrations depict a grape vine and a plant called the ears of the mouse (adhān al-fār).A plant called azarbūn and a plant called adkharIllustrationRice, spinach, wild onion, and camel’s thorn (?)IllustrationThese illustrations depict rice, spinach, wild onion (isqīl), and camel’s thorn (?) (usturghāl).A plant called ishrāsh, saltwort, and wormwoodIllustrationThese illustrations depict a plant called ishrāsh, saltwort (ushnān), and wormwood (afsintīn).Chamomile, a plant called ashkūth, another type of chamomile called bābūnaj, and a plant called bādhāvardIllustrationThese illustrations depict chamomile (aqḥavān), a plant called ashkūth, another type of chamomile called bābūnaj, and a plant called bādhāvard.Two types of mountain balm and a broad beanIllustrationThese illustrations depict two types of mountain balm (bādranjbūyah and bādhrūj) and a broad bean (bāqilah).An eggplant, a plant called parsiyāvushān, and dungwortIllustrationThese illustrations depict an eggplant (bādinjān), a plant called parsiyāvushān, and dungwort (birinjāsf).An onion plantIllustrationMelon, garlic, and violetsIllustrationThese illustrations depict melon (battīkh), garlic (bulbūs), and violets (banafsaj).A plant called bavādīs and a plant called bahārIllustrationA plant called bīsh (poisonous, resembling ginger) and Egyptian beanIllustrationThese illustrations depict a plant called bīsh (poisonous, resembling ginger) and Egyptian bean (turmus).Garlic, millet, and watercressIllustrationThese illustrations depict garlic (thawm), millet (jāvrūsh), and watercress (jirjīr).Mace, a thorny plant called ḥāj, and thymeIllustrationThese illustrations depict mace (jiraz), a thorny plant called ḥāj, and thyme (ḥāshā).A plant called ḥarf, artichoke, wild rue, and a prickly plant that clings to the wool of sheepIllustrationThese illustrations depict a plant called ḥarf, artichoke (ḥarshaf), wild rue (ḥarmal), and a prickly plant that clings to the wool of sheep (ḥask).Fenugreek, chickpea, and melilotIllustrationThese illustrations depict fenugreek (ḥulbah), chickpea (ḥimmiṣ), and melilot (ḥandaqūq).A colocynth plantIllustrationThis illustration depicts a colocynth plant (ḥanẓal).Wheat and helleboreIllustrationThese illustrations depict wheat (ḥinṭah) and hellebore (kharbaq).Mustard, lettuce, and poppyIllustrationThese illustrations depict mustard (khardal), lettuce (khass), and poppy (khashkhāsh).Saffron of the fox, dog’s testicle, and marshmallowIllustrationThese illustrations depict saffron of the fox (ḥuṣṣat al-thaʿlab), dog’s testicle, and marshmallow (khaṭmī).A poisonous plant called diflá, red bramble, and cucumberIllustrationThese illustrations depict a poisonous plant called diflá, red bramble (khamkham), and cucumber (khiyār).Yellow wallflower and a plant called zāzyābajIllustrationSweet basil, rhubarb, and Indian spikenardIllustrationThese illustrations depict sweet basil (rayḥān), rhubarb (rībās), and Indian spikenard (sādaj).Saffron, rue, and lily of the valleyIllustrationRed anemones and turnipIllustrationThese illustrations depict red anemones (shaqāʾiq al-Nuʿmān) and turnip (shaljam).Spurge and sowbreadIllustrationThese illustrations depict spurge (shibram) and sowbread (shajarat Maryam).Darnel, sesame, and wild thymeIllustrationThese illustrations depict darnel (shaylam), sesame (shūnīz), and wild thyme (ṣaʿtar).Tarragon, lentil, and fox grapesIllustrationThese illustrations depict tarragon, lentil, and fox grapes (ʿinab al-thaʿlab).Radish and a plant called qarfajIllustrationA plant called fajankast (?), mint, and tragacanthIllustrationThese illustrations depict a plant called fajankast (?), mint (fūtanj), and tragacanth (qatād).Cotton, a plant called qashshā, safflower, and wild qashshāIllustrationThese illustrations depict cotton, a plant called qashshā, safflower (qurṭum), and wild qashshā (qashshā-ʾi barrī).Hemp, cauliflower, and southernwoodIllustrationThese illustrations depict hemp (qunnab), cauliflower (qunnabīṭ), and southernwood (qayṣūm).Ox tongue, flax, and leekIllustrationThese illustrations depict ox tongue (kāv zabān), flax, and leek (kurrāth).Meadow vetch, celery, and a plant called karūbāIllustrationThese illustrations depict meadow vetch (kirsinnah), celery, and a plant called karūbā.Coriander, a plant called kakrāsah (?), cumin, and mushroomsIllustrationThese illustrations depict coriander (kuzburah), a plant called kakrāsah (?), cumin, and mushrooms (kamāh, properly kamʾah).English ivy, plantain, and common ashIllustrationThese illustrations depict English ivy (lablāb), plantain (lisān al-ḥamal), and common ash (lisān al-ʿaṣāfīr).Mandrake, green beans, a plant called līnūfir (?), and Indian pulse (a sort of vetch)IllustrationThese illustrations depict mandrake (luffāḥ), green beans (lūbiyā), a plant called līnūfir (?), and Indian pulse (a sort of vetch) (māsh).A Persian plant called mādharyūnIllustrationCherry, a plant called mazarbikhūsh (?), and spikenardIllustrationThese illustrations depict cherry (māhūdānah), a plant called mazarbikhūsh (?), and spikenard (nārdīn).Three plants: narcissus (narjis), aniseed (nānkhvā), and wild rose (nasrīn)IllustrationPeppermint and asparagusIllustrationThese illustrations depict peppermint (naʿnaʿ) and asparagus (halyūn, hilyawn).Wild chicory, a Yemeni plant called wars, and a variety of squash or pumpkinIllustrationThese illustrations depict wild chicory (hindibā), a Yemeni plant called wars, and a variety of squash or pumpkin (yaqṭīn).A crow (sitting on a tree), a rabbit, and a catIllustrationA parrot (sitting on a bull), a fish, and a snakeIllustrationThe king of the jinnis enthroned in the company of two attendantsIllustrationThe lion king surrounded by his subjectsIllustrationA meeting of the birdsIllustrationA group of birdsIllustrationAn eel, a frog, a turtle, and other animalsIllustrationA dragon, a lizard, and other animalsIllustrationA camel being presented to an enthroned kingIllustrationA fox in the company of an enthroned kingIllustration

Modern leather (no flap)

12 Ramaḍān 1121 AH / 1717 CETurkeyWalters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequestArtMedicineMuseumPoetryScriptMuhammad, the ProphetKashmiriHorsesWalters Art MuseumBlockbookDocumentGeneologyAstrologyDevotionHistoryLegalLiterature -- PoetryLiterature -- ProseLiturgyPhilosophyScienceScience -- MedicineScriptureSufismTheologyMineralogyLogicGeographyGeomancyCosmologyCartographyFortune-tellingKoranQur`anFirmanPalimpsestPrayerBibleGospelsPsalterMissalLectionaryBook of HoursAntiphonaryPrayerbookHomilaryProcessionalHorologionBreviaryHymnalChroniclePsalter/HoursMaghrebSub-Saharan (West) AfricaTurkeyAfghanistanCentral Arab Lands (Near East)Central AsiaEgyptEnglandIndiaIranIraqPakistanGermanyFranceAustriaNetherlandsEthiopiaArmeniaFlandersGreeceMamlukMughalOttomanOttonianArmenianByzantineAbbasidQajarRajputChristianArabicAustrianDutchEgyptianFatimidGermanIndianIslamicPersianSafavidTimuridTurkishUmayyadEnglishFrenchFlemishEthiopianCarolingianCalligraphyChartsColophonHeadpieceIlluminationIllustrationMedallionMiniatureOrnamentPainting'Kufic'Early Abbasid scriptRaginiRomanesqueGothicWatermarkTreasure BindingGrotesquesHistoriated initialInhabited initialCarolingian MinusculeGothic Book handWhite-vine letteringEnglish secretaryTexturaBatardaHumanisticUncialAccordion bookAlbumBookCodexManuscriptHeraldrySaint's LifeDrawingGrisailleOriginal BindingBindingNew Abbasid stylecharter8th Century9th Century10th Century11th Century12th Century13th Century14th Century15th Century16th Century17th Century18th Century19th Century20th CenturyMusical notationRussiaRomaniaLiturgicalDevotionalScripturalTheologicalLegalHistoricalScientificScientific -- MedicalLiterary -- ProseLiterary -- PoetryPhilosophicalAstrologicalSufiEnglishBookCodexColophonCosmologyIlluminationIllustrationIslamicManuscriptOttomanTurkeyTurkishWalters Art MuseumAstrologyScience -- Medicine