Walters Ms. W.72, Speculum virginum Dialogus Peregrini et Theodore <note type="title" xml:id="n361.031883">Alternate title</note> Conrad of Hirsau Cataloger Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934 Editor Herbert, Lynley Editor Noel, William Copy editor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Davis, Lisa Fagin Contributor Dutschke, Consuelo Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Hamburger, Jeffrey Contributor Klemm, Elizabeth Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 This manuscript, written at the Cistercian abbey of Himmerode in Germany in the early thirteenth century, is one of twenty-two surviving Latin copies of the Speculum virginum, or Mirror for virgins. Attributed to Conrad of Hirsau, the text was written in the first half of the twelfth century as a guide for nuns, offering them theological lessons in the form of a hypothetical conversation between a teacher, Peregrinus, and his student, Theodora. The twelve illustrations in the manuscript portray the protagonists as well as the mystical visions and diagrams they discuss in the text. The large, expressive pen drawings bring the text to life and are an excellent example of German art of this period. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.72 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1v - 124v Dialogus Peregrini et Theodore <note type="title" xml:id="n361.031947">Alternate title</note> Ultimus Christi pauperum C. virginibus sacris Incomplete; fol. 1 a fifteenth-century replacement for a lost opening page of text; folio missing between fols. 50 and 51; fols. 123r-124v contain definitions of virtues and vices preceded by a dialog between Peregrinus and Theodora (usually found in part four)

Cream-colored parchment of medium thickness with a velvety finish; flyleaves and pastedowns of paper dating to at least the eighteenth century, based on an inscription from that era on flyleaf ii, r

 Foliation: ii+124+ii31.2 22.8 25.3 15.8 Two sets of foliation: occasional numbers in pencil in lower right corners of rectos and modern pencil foliation in upper right corners of rectos (followed here)

ii, 1(8,-1,2, 1 being replaced later), 2-6(8), 7(8,-4), 8-15(8), 16(8,-7,8), ii None None Quires begin on fols. 1(1), 8(2), 16(3), 24(4), 32(5), 40(6), 48(7), 55(8), 63(9), 71(10), 79(11), 87(12), 95(13), 103(14), 111(15), 119(16); fol. 1 a fifteenth-century replacement

 Lead-point ruling; layout does not apply to replacement leaf (fol. 1v), which has a written surface of 27.5 x 17.5 cm and 34 lines; fols. 121r-123r have text divided into two columns Written in Gothic bookhand Two images missing: Tree of Jesse at beginning (likely lost when the first folio was lost) and a diagram of wise and foolish virgins in part six (missing folio between fols. 50 and 51); eight full-page illustrations; two half-page illustrations; two small illustrations; miniatures are pen drawings in dark brown, red, and green ink with beige washes and accents of blue, green, and red paint; simple decorated initials in green, tan, and/or red periodically throughout the text (2 to 6 lines); red rubrics within the text and the side margins; verse capitals picked out with red marks; script embellished by elongated strokes into side margins; elongated ascenders and descenders in top and bottom margins; text in black ink Mystic form of paradise Speculum virginum: part 1 Half-page illustration Peregrinus and Theodora Speculum virginum: part 3 Small illustrations, 5 lines Tree of vices Speculum virginum: part 4 Full-page illustration Tree of virtues Speculum virginum: part 4 Full-page illustration Victory of Humility over Pride Speculum virginum: part 4 Full-page illustration The Quadriga: Virgin and Child with John the Baptist and John the Evangelist Speculum virginum: part 5 Full-page illustration The thirty, sixty, and hundredfold fruits Speculum virginum: part 7 Full-page illustration The flesh and the spirit Speculum virginum: part 8 Full-page illustration The ladder of St. Perpetua Speculum virginum: part 9 Full-page illustration Christ in Majesty flanked by Mary, John the Evangelist, and saints with a kneeling monk Speculum virginum: part 10 Half-page illustration Seven forms of the spirit Speculum virginum: part 11 Full-page illustration

Sixteenth- or seventeenth-century boards covered in red velvet and embellished with a thirteenth-century Limoges champlevé enamel crucifix by Léon Gruel in the late nineteenth century

 First quarter of the 13th century CE Himmerode, Germany Written in the early thirteenth century, most likely at the Cistercian abbey of Himmerode in Wittlich, Germany; was there at least by the fifteenth century (erased ownership note, "Liber monachorum sancte Marie in hymmenrode ordinis Cisterciensis Treverensis dyocesis," folio 1r; shelfmark "C.I."); was at Himmerode through at least the eighteenth century (inscription from that period by a Himmerode librarian on front flyleaf ii, r) Josef von Görres collection, Germany, nineteenth century until Görres collection sale, Munich, 1902, Catal.libr.mss. no. 76 (no. 71 in unpublished, pre-1844 catalog of manuscripts when kept in Koblenz by Ernst Dronke) Julien Chappée, Le Mans and Paris, purchased from Görres collection in 1902, lot 76, p. 14 Gruel and Engelmann collection, Paris, 1903, no. 88 (bookplate on front pastedown) Acquired by Henry Walters, Baltimore, from Gruel and Engelmann on June 9, 1903 (bookplate on front pastedown) Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequest Relevant Works Schneider, Ambrosius. "Skriptorium und Bibliothek der Cistercienserabtei Himmerod im Rheinland." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 35 (1952): 155-205, no. 27. Hauck, Karl. Catalogus librorum manuscriptorum e Bibliotheca Goerresiana. Munich: Druck v. G. Schuh and Cie, 1902, p. 14, no. 76. Miner, Dorothy. "Lecture on Himmerod and its Manuscripts." Bulletin of the Walters Art Gallery 24 (1972): 1, 4. Religious Art of the Western World, March 23-May 25, 1958. Dallas: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1958, no. 263. Schneider, Ambrosius. Skriptorium und Bibliothek der Abtei Himmerod: ein Beitrag zur Geistesgeschichte des Eifelklosters. Himmerod, Germany: Himmerod-Drucke, 1974, p. 29, no. 32. Curschmann, Michael. "Imagined Exegesis: Text and Picture in the Exegetical Works of Rupert of Deutz, Honorius Augustodunensis, and Gerhoch of Reichersberg." Traditio 44 (1988): 145-169, no. 53. Jacobs, Emile. "Die Handschriftensammlung Joseph Gorres." Zentralblatt fur Bibliothekswesen 23 (1906): 192, no. 2. Seyfarth, Jutta. Speculum Virginum. Turnhout, Belgium: Rypographi Brepol Editores Pontofivii, 1990, pp. 71-72. Watson, Arthur. "A Manuscript of the Speculum Virginium in the Walters Art Gallery." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 10 (1947): 61-74, figs. 2-6, 8-11, 13-15. De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 822, no. 393. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Collection of Sermons Notable Notable binding Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book Christian Codex Illustration Manuscript Romanesque German Germany Walters Art Museum Theology Notable binding Drawing Gothic Miniature 13th century