Walters Ms. W.79, East Anglian Psalter Calendar Psalms Canticles Litany Office of the Dead Additional Prayers Psalter and Office of the Dead Principal cataloger Herbert, Lynley Principal cataloger Noel, William Principal cataloger Smith, Kathryn Cataloger Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934 Editor Herbert, Lynley Editor Noel, William Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Dutschke, Consuelo Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Grollemond, Larisa Contributor Noel, William Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 This English Psalter was made for an East Anglian patron at the beginning of the fourteenth century. The original Psalter contains a calendar for adapted Sarum use, the Psalms, Canticles, Litany, and Office of the Dead, with additional prayers in a humanist hand added by a fifteenth-century owner. The text is incomplete; about two dozen leaves have been removed, resulting in missing historiated initials and several partial Psalms and Canticles. Three extant historiated initials, accompanied by incipits in gold, stand out among a multitude of smaller painted and flourished initials. The majority of the text is written in an accomplished textualis prescissa. This Psalter has stylistic and textual connections to the Gorleston Psalter (British Library, Add. Ms. 49622) and the Ormesby Psalter (Bodleian Library, Douce Ms. 366), placing it firmly within the tradition of East Anglian manuscript production in the first half of the fourteenth century. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.79 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 1r - 193r Psalter and Office of the Dead Incomplete; lacks textual material from the Canticles and has several partial Psalms, folios from the Canticles have been moved from their original location and now appear after the Calendar. Original manuscript contained the Calendar, Psalms, Canticles, Litany, Office of the Dead. Musical notation present in the text of the Office of the Dead. Prayers to SS Anthony, Adrian, and Sebastian were added in the fifteenth century. Finito libro sit laus et gloria Christo. Amen. The book is finished. Praise and glory be to Christ. Amen. Separated from the end of the Office of the Dead text by seven lines; letters in blue with lines outlined in red, with penwork profile head at text end 1r - 5v Calendar Incomplete: lacking September/October; Sarum use, with the exception of Winwaloe (March 3); half-full, graded blue, red, and gold 12r - 147v Psalms Dominus dixit ad me (Psalm 2:7) Incomplete; begins Psalm 2:7, lacks 20-21:6, 24:21-26:1. 36:2-38:5, &9:15-81:11, 85:14-87:8. 108:24-109:7, 113:9-114:1, 147:17-150 6r - 11v 148r - 154r Canticles ...haurietis aquas in gaudio (Isaiah 12:3), fol. 148 Incomplete and misbound, the canticles originally clearly followed the psalms; fols. 6r-11v originally placed between fols. 151 and 152; lacks Magnificat and Nunc dimittis, and parts of Canticle of Isaiah, Benedictus Quicumque vult; Contents: Confitebor tibi (partial, only Isaiah 12:3-6, fol. 148r), Ego dixi in dimidio (Isaiah 38: 10-20, fols. 148r-149r), Exultavit cor meum (I Samuel 2:1-10, fols. 149r-149v), Cantemus domino (Exodus 15: 1-19, fols. 150r-151r), Domine audivi (Habacuc 3:2-19, fols. 151r-151v, 6r-7r), Audite caeli (Deuteronomy 32:1-43, fols. 7r-10v), Te deum (fols. 10v-11v), and Benedicite (Daniel 3:57-88, fols 11v, 152r-152v), Benedictus (partial, only Luke 1: 68-72, fol. 152v), Quicumque vult (partial only fols. 153r-154r) 154r - 158v Litany Kyrie eleyson Incomplete; Litany of the Saints lacks the end of the petitions and collects (after fol. 158v); Litany has a slight Cluniac bias, including Pancras and Maiolus as the last two of 31 confessors. Many Norman and Breton saints including Taurinus (7), Audoen (13), Romanus (14), Paternus (15), Machutus (18), Melanius (19), Maurilius (20), Philibert (24) Wandregisil (25), Ansbert (26) 159r - 191r Office of the Dead In vigilia mortuorum Dilexi quoniam exaudiet Dominus Use of Sarum; square musical notation on four red staves for antiphons, responses, and versicles, each beginning with a Lombard capital 192r - 193r Additional Prayers De Sancto Anthonio Anthoni sancte pater salutaris Prayers to SS. Anthony, Adrian, and Sebastian added by a fifteenth-century owner

Parchment of medium thickness; some water damage to tops of folios in calendar

 Foliation: iii+194+v33.8 22.0 21.5 13.5 Consistent modern pencil foliation inner upper right corners, rectos (used here); foliation is misnumbered at 177: 177, 177bis, 178..., resulting in 194 folios numbered only to 193; several sets of other numbers; occasional pencil foliation on side margins; occasional inconsistent foliation at upper right corners, rectos; two of the back flyleaves are parchment, all other flyleaves are modern

iii, 1(6,-5), 2(6), 3(8,-1), 4(8), 5(8,-2,-7), 6(8), 7(8,-2, 3,4,5), 8-12(8), 13(8,-6,7), 14-16(8), 17(8,-3,6), 18-20(8), 21(8,-4,5), 22(2), 23(8,-1,8), 24-27(8), 28-29(2), v None Quires of eight marked with catchwords on versos in lower middle margins of page, horizontally within ruled lines. Quires begin on fols. 1(1), 6(2), 12(3), 19(4), 27(5), 33(6), 41(7), 45(8), 53(9), 61(10), 69(11), 77(12), 85(13), 91(14), 99(15), 107(16), 115(17), 121(18), 129(19), 137(20), 145(21), 151(22), 153(23), 159(24), 167(25), 175(26), 182(27), 190(28), 192(29). The 3 bifolia of quire 2 (beginning on fol. 6) fit inside the bifolium that is now quire 22 (beginning on fol. 151). Quire 29 is a fifteenth-century added bifolium.

 Text ruled in brown ink, some prickings visible; layout does not apply to calendar (fols. 1r-5v, 32 lines, ruled in red ink) or Prayers to SS Anthony, Adrian, and Sebastian (fols. 192r-193r, 10-36 lines) Humanistic script Textura prescissa, with smaller version used in sections meant to be sung; calendar in textura quadrata Text primarily in blue and red ink; pen flourishes of foliage, hybrids, and male heads; water damage Three historiated initials at Psalm 52 (fol. 56r), Psalm 68 (fol. 69r), and Psalm 97 (fol. 100r) Decorated by a different hand than Calendar, Canticles, Psalms, and Litany; opens with a five-line initial filled with red penwork of grotesques (fol. 159r); two-line initials in red and blue with contrasting pen flourishes; line endings feature a greater variety of animals and fish in addition to geometric patterns; Lombard capitals of antiphons, responses and versicles are each decorated with a male head in profile in brown ink Three six-line historiated initials with tooled gold grounds, with incipits in gold, at major Psalm divisions; two-line initials in blue filled with foliage or grotesques on gold ground begin regular psalms and canticles; one-line red and blue capitals with contrasting pen flourishes throughout; line endings with decorative patterns, animals, and generic heraldic insignia; small amount of marginalia includes animals and hybrids; text in black ink Initial "A" with hybrid figure wielding sword Psalm 28 Inhabited initial "A," 2 lines Initial "A" with hybrid figure wielding sword Psalm 48 Inhabited initial "A," 2 lines The fool speaking to God; two hounds chasing a rabbit marginal decoration Psalm 52 Historiated initial "D," 6 lines The fool stands in a quartered tunic, holding his loaf and rattle. He looks up toward God in the upper right corner. The fool is often associated with a bicolored tunic, though here he appears in a distinctive quadripartite blue and dull pink tunic. The style of this historiated initial recalls North French and Flemish examples. Initial "D" with male supplicant Psalm 59 Inhabited initial "D," 2 lines This initial depicts a male supplicant dressed in a dull-pink hooded robe. This image is related to two other initials in this manuscript that depict similar male supplicants (fols. 96r and 102V). Three men in water pray to God; archer shooting at a hybrid man marginal decoration Psalm 68 Historiated initial "S," 6 lines Three nude male supplicants appear in the lower half of the "S," up to their waists in water. The trio refer to the text of the Psalm: "Save me, O God, for the waters are come in even unto my soul." The presence of three figures is irregular, as this scene normally depicts only one figure, sometimes that of David, in the water. Man wielding a sword marginal decoration Psalm 82 Marginal illustration, upper left corner Hybrid man pointing marginal decoration Psalm 84 Marginal illustration, bottom left corner Hybrid figure wielding a sword marginal decoration Psalm 84 Marginal illustration, left margin Initial "D" with male supplicant Psalm 92 Inhabited initial "D," 2 lines Three clerics chanting; shepherd trumpeting and fox marginal decoration Psalm 97 Historiated initial "C," 6 lines This page depicts an historiated initial containing three tonsured clerics chanting from an open, notated gradual on a lectern before them, all on a tooled gold ground. Each cleric wears a differently colored robe, the first turns the book's pages, the second raises his hand to his chin in contemplation and holds a book in his other hand, and the third holds his hands in prayer. The image of three chanting clerics relates directly to the incipit of the Psalm ("Cantate domino canticum novum..."), which appears in raised gold lettering. The trumpeter in left margin of the page above the words "Et exultaverunt" finds comparison with a shepherd blowing his horn in response to the Annunciation of Christ's birth in the Gorleston Psalter (British Library, Add. Ms. 49622, fol. 126r). The style of this image, like the one at Psalm 52 (fol. 56r), recalls North French and Flemish examples. Initial "I" with hybrid figure Psalm 99 Inhabited initial "I," 3 lines Initial "D" with male supplicant Psalm 101 Inhabited initial "D," 2 lines This page depicts an initial with a male supplicant dressed a dull-pink robe on a gold ground. Psalm 101 was often favored for the depiction of patrons of devotional texts. Hybrid figure marginal decoration Psalm 113 Marginal illustration, upper left margin Hybrid figure marginal decoration Psalm 115 Marginal illustration, lower left margin Hybrid figure marginal decoration Psalm 118 Marginal illustration, upper left margin Hybrid figure marginal decoration Psalm 118 Marginal illustration, upper left margin Initial "D"; hybrid animal marginal decoration Beginning of the Office of the Dead (Dilexi quoniam exaudiet Dominus) Inhabited initial "D," 5 lines This page depicts a large initial "D," inhabited by a multitude of penwork grotesques. Hybrid animals in the same style occupy the lower and right margins. The opening of the Office of the Dead marks a distinct change in style from the rest of the manuscript. More elaborate penwork flourishes enhance both the initials and the marginalia. Initial "C"; hybrid marginal decoration Inhabited initial "C," 2 lines Initials with elaborate penwork flourishes Decorated initial "I," 3 lines; inhabited initials "Q" and "M," 2 lines Inital "D"; hybrid and dog chasing a rabbit marginal decoration Inhabited initial "D," 2 lines Initial "Q"; monkey marginal decoration Inhabited initial "Q," 2 lines Initial "D" with partial penwork border Inhabited initial "D," 2 lines

Rebound ca. 1900 by Rivière and Son, London; probably unshaped millboard covered in dark blue leather

 First half of the 14th century CE East Anglia, England Made early fourteenth century (possibly for a male patron in Norwich; see Randall 2007, 224) in East Anglia, England Purchased by Bernard Quaritch, Ltd. at London sale: Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, March 19, 1909, no. 289 Wilfred M. Voynich collection, London, from Quaritch, before 1912 Acquired by Henry Walters, Baltimore, from Voynich on January 19, 1912 Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Randall, Lilian M. C. "The Art of Calligraphy." The Walters Art Gallery Bulletin 2 (1983): p. 7. Folsom, Rose. The Calligraphers' Dictionary. London: Thames and Hudson, 1990, pp. 110, 120 (fol. 163v). . Burin, Elizabeth. "Medieval Writing and Calligraphy." The Walters Monthly Bulletin 11 (1993): pp. 4-5 (fol. 86v). Mellinkoff, Ruth. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, vol. 2, fig. I.21 (fol. 56). Weiss, Susan Forscher. "Singing Along with Guido and Friends: Music in Manuscripts." The Walters Monthly Bulletin 10 (1996): p. 5 (fol.100). Randall, Lilian M.C. "Sense and Sensibilities in an Early Fourteenth-Century Psalter from East Anglia." In Tributes to Lucy Freeman Sandler: Studies in Illuminated Manuscripts, edited by Kathryn A. Smith and Carol H. Krinsky. Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2007, pp. 219-33. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book Christian Illumination Manuscript Psalter Devotion English Codex Humanistic Inhabited initial Walters Art Museum 14th century England Musical notation Colophon Historiated initial