Walters Ms. W.829, Anaphora of Mary (Mass book) An Eucharistic Thanksgiving, dedicated to Our Lady Holy Virgin in two ways Mary Bearer of God, that Abba Cyriacus, Bishop of the city of Bahnasa, composed አኰቴተ፡ ቁርባን፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ በ፪ኤ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ዘደረሰ፡ አባ፡ ሕርያቆስ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ዘሀገረ፡ ብህንሳ። <note type="title" xml:id="n384.007534">This is the title given at the beginning of the manuscript</note> scribe Wändǝmmu Gashaw (baptismal name Gäbrä Maryam) Principal cataloger Getatchew Haile, . Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Contributor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Isaac, Ephraim Contributor Noel, William Contributor Pizzinato, Riccardo Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 This mass book, containing one of about twenty anaphoras of the Church, was made for Wäldä Mädḫǝn between 1929 and 1942 (that is, when Yoḥannǝs or John was Patriarch of Alexandris, 1928-1942, and Qerǝlos or Cyril was the metropolitan of Ethiopia, 1929-1950). It was written by the scribe Wändǝmmu Gashaw (whose baptismal name was Gäbra Maryam) of Däbrä Libanos monastery, just north of Addis Ababba, Ethiopia. Written in Gǝ‛ǝz, the traditional liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the manuscript contains the Anaphora of Mary ascribed to Cyriacus, bishop of the city of Bahnasa, in Upper Egypt. There is a richly colored image of the Virgin and Child on the blank folio before the text, and the manuscript ends with a depiction of St. Michael conquering the Devil. Both illuminations were painted on reused text pages, which were added much later to give value to the manuscript. The late date of this work is a testimony to the remarkable continuation of the medieval manuscript tradition into the modern era in Ethiopia. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.829 The primary language in this manuscript is Geez. 1v - 36r An Eucharistic Thanksgiving, dedicated to Our Lady Holy Virgin in two ways Mary Bearer of God, that Abba Cyriacus, Bishop of the city of Bahnasa, composed አኰቴተ፡ ቁርባን፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ በ፪ኤ፡ ማርያም፡ ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፡ ዘደረሰ፡ አባ፡ ሕርያቆስ፡ ኤጲስ፡ ቆጶስ፡ ዘሀገረ፡ ብህንሳ። <note type="title" xml:id="n384.007588">This is the title given at the beginning of the manuscript</note> ጐሥዓ፡ ልብየ፡ ቃለ፡ ሠናየ፡... The main text is the Anaphora of Mary (ቅዳሴ፡ ማርያም።, or Qǝddase Maryam); the writing on the flyleaves is the standard beginning of an Amharic application letter, repeatedly copied in different lengths ኦእግዝእትየ፡ ማርያም፡ ዕቀብኒ፡ እመከራ፡ ሥጋ፡ ወነፍስ፡ ለገብርኪ፡ ወልደ፡ መድኅን፡ ወምስለ፡ ጸሐፊሃ፡ ወንድሙ፡ ጋሻው፡ ወስመ፡ ጥምቀቱ፡ ገብረ፡ ማርያም፡ ዘደብረ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ እንተ፡ ይእቲ፡ መካነ፡ አጽሙ፡ ለተክለ፡ ሃይ[ማኖ](fol. 35v)ት፡ ብርሃነ፡ ዓለም፨ ፨ O My Lady Mary, keep me, your servant Wäldä Mädḫǝn from the temptation of the body and soul, with its [i.e. the manuscript's] copyist Wändǝmmu Gashaw, whose baptismal name is Gäbrä Maryam, of Däbrä Libanos, which is the place of the relics of Täklä Haymanot, the light of the world. Täklä Haymanot is the greatest saint and apostle of Ethiopia and founder of the monastery of Däbrä Libanos, north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Medium-weight, yellow parchment of uneven finish; folios with images thicker and darker

 Foliation: 4012.8 8.5 8.5 5.8 Modern pencil foliation upper right corners, rectos, from 1-36, beginning on folio 4, and ending on the penultimate folio; first three folios and the last folio are blank, but structurally integral to the textblock

1(4), 2-4 (10), 5(6) None None Quires begin on fols. i(1), 2(2), 12(3), 22(4), and 32(5)

 Hard-point ruled Two full-page miniatures; Virgin and Child begins text (fol. 1v) and St. Michael standing on the Devil ends text (fol. 36r); images appear to be painted over text pages; green, red, yellow, and blue paint used in solid planes of color with details picked out in black and white paint; rubrics in red; text in black ink Virgin and Her Beloved Child flanked by the Archangels Michael and Gabriel Full-page miniature

The inscription on the image reads "ምስለ፡ ፍቁር፡ ወልዳ፡," or "[Madonna] with Her Beloved Child."

 St. Michael standing on the Devil Full-page miniature

The inscription on the image reads "ቅዱስ፡ ሚካኤል፡," or "Saint Michael."

Blind-tooled red goatskin

 Second quarter of the 20th century North of Addis Ababba, Ethiopia Copied by Wändǝmmu Gashaw (baptismal name Gäbrä Maryam) of Däbrä Libanos monastery, north of Addis Ababba, Ethiopia, 1929-1950 (prayer for Metropolitan Qerǝlos, fols. 4r and 5v); owned by Wäldä Mädḫǝn (?): see colophon, fol. 35v Daniel M. Friedenberg, New York, purchased in Addis Ababba, Ethiopia, in 1952; ex libris on flyleaf i, v Gift of Mr. Daniel M. Friedenberg, New York Relevant Works መጽሐፈ፡ ቅዳሴ። በግዕዝና፡ በአማርኛ። አዲስ፡ አበባ፡ ፲፱፻፶፩፡ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረት። (Mäṣḥafä Qǝddase. bä-Gǝ‘ǝz-ǝnna bä-Amarǝñña. Addis Ababa, 1951 EC. = 1958/9 AD.), pp.107-126. See this for Anaphora of Mary. Daoud, Marcos, and Marsie Hazen. The Liturgy of the Ethiopian Church. Cairo: The Egyptian Book Press, 1959, pp. 130-152. See this for Anaphora of Mary. Haile, Getatchew. "On the Identity of Silondis and the Composition of the Anaphora of Mary ascribed to Hǝrǝyaqos of Bǝhǝnsa," Orientalia Christiana Periodica, vol. 49 (1983), pp. 366-389. See this for Anaphora of Mary. Böll, Verena. 'Unsere Herrin Maria.' Die traditionelle äthiopische Exegese der Marienanaphora des Cyriacus von Behnesa. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1998. See this for Anaphora of Mary. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book Christian Codex Illumination Manuscript Miniature Painting Walters Art Museum Liturgy Ethiopia Ethiopian Original binding 20th century Mass book