Walters Ms. W.844, Two Ethiopian Prayer Books copied together Säne Golgota ሰኔ፡ ጎልጎታ፡ Lǝfafä Ṣǝdq and Mängädä Sämay ልፋፈ፡ ጽድቅ፤ መንገደ፡ ሰማይ፡ Two Prayer Books Principal cataloger Getatchew Haile, . Cataloger Herbert, Lynley Contributor Bockrath, Diane Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Isaac, Ephraim Contributor Noel, William Contributor Pizzinato, Riccardo Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This small, undecorated manuscript was written in Gǝ‛ǝz, the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and was copied for Gäbrä Giyorgis. Although it has long been considered to be a work of the sixteenth century, the scribe's hand suggests a later date, perhaps in the eighteenth century. The date 1308AH/1890-91CE, given on the verso of the second flyleaf could be for the Arabic notes of the two leaves. Evidence of its long life and variety of users comes in the form of notes scribbled on the flyleaves, with Arabic in two hands covering the front two flyleaves and notes in French and English on the back flyleaf. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.844 The primary language in this manuscript is Geez. The secondary language of this manuscript is Arabic. 1r - 61r Two Prayer Books Contains two Prayer Books copied into one manuscript 1r - 29v Säne Golgota ሰኔ፡ ጎልጎታ፡ በስመ፡ አብ፡ . . . ዛቲ፡ ጸሎት፡ ዘእግዝእትነ፡ ቅድስት፡ ድንግል፡ በ፪ማርያም[፡] ወላዲተ፡ አምላክ፨ ጸሎታ፡ . . . አሜን፨ ጸሎት፡ ዘጸለየት፡ ባቲ፡ አመ፡ ፳ወ፩፡ ለወርኃ፡ ሰኔ፡ በደብረ፡ ጎልጎታ፨ ዝውእቱ፡ መቃብረ፡ እግዚእ(1v)ነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፨ እንዘ፡ ትብል፡ እግዚእየ፡ ወአምላኪየ፡ ወልድየ፡ ወንጉሥየ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፨ . . . Prayer of Mary which she prayed at Mount Golgotha on the 21st of the month of Säne (Mary's prayer to her Son being that he forgive the sins of all who celebrate her monthly holy day) 29v - 61r Lǝfafä Ṣǝdq and Mängädä Sämay ልፋፈ፡ ጽድቅ፤ መንገደ፡ ሰማይ፡ በስመ፡ አብ፡ . . . ጸሎተ፡ ድኅነተ፡ ነፍስ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ሕይወት፡ ልፋፈ፡ ጽድቅ፨ ዘጸሐፋ፡ አብ፡ በዕዴሁ፡ ወወሀባ፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ እምቅድመ፡ ይትወለድ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ዘታድኅን፡ እም፡ ጸባብ፡ አንቀጽ፡ . . . This section contains a two-part Prayer of the Salvation of the Soul; fols 29v-35r: Bandlet of Righteousness (Lǝfafä Ṣǝdq), the text of which was composed by the Father's own hand and given to Mary before Christ was born. It is prayed to be saved from the narrow gate (Mt 7:14). Fols. 36r-61r: Prayer for Journey to Heaven (Mängädä Sämay), the prayer to ask God to send the Angels of Light to ward off the Angels of Darkness who stumble the soul and bring it to the narrow gate (Mt 7:14) as it journeys to heaven; the latter part of the prayer has several breaks within it, so incipits to those parts are as follows: fol. 35r: በስመ፡ አብ፡ . . . ጸሎተ፡ መንገደ፡ ሰማይ፡ ዕቀበኒ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ከመ፡ ኢያ[ዕ]ቅፍዋ፡ ለነፍስየ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፨ ወከመሁ፡ ያቅምዋ፡ ምስለ፡ ጻድቃን፡ . . .; fol. 36r: በስመ፡ አብ፡ . . በብርሃነ፡ ስሙ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ይትፈጠር፡ ሰማያት፡ . . .; fol. 39r: እነግረክሙ፡ ዘንተ፡ ቃለ፡ ለእለ፡ የአምኑ፡ ልፋፈ፡ ጽድቅ፡ ዘወሀባ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በአማን፡ ለእግዝእትነ፡ ማርያም፡ በቀዳሚ፡ ዘመን፡ . . .; fol. 40v: በእንተ፡ ፃዕረ፡ ሞት፡ ዲንቃስ፡ በትሮስ፡ ጐጐጋብ፡ . . .; fol. 50v: ጸሎት፡ ዘመንገደ፡ ሰማይ፡ በዛቲ፡ ምድር፡ ዕቀበኒ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ አምላኪየ፡ ከመ፡ ኢያዕቅፍዋ፡ ለነፍስየ፤ መላእክተ፡ ጽልመት፡ ውስተ፡ ጸባብ፡ አንቀጽ፡ . . .; fol. 57v: ጸሎት፡ ዘመንገደ፡ ሰማይ፡ በዛቲ፡ ምድር፡ ዕቀበኒ፡ ኦክርስቶስ፡ አምላኪየ፡ ከመ፡ ኢያ[ዕ]ቅፍዋ፡ ለነፍስየ፤ መላእክተ፡ ጽልመት፨ ወፈኑ፡ ሊተ፡ መላእክተ፡ ብርሃን፡ . . .

Thick, often coarse parchment, with hair still visible on many folios

 Foliation: ii+6211.5 7.7 8.5 6.0 Modern pencil foliation, upper right corners (from fols. 1-61); last leaf is blank and unfoliated, but integral to the structure of the text

ii, 1-6(8), 7(10,-4,8), 8(4), 9(2) None None Quires begin on fols. 1(1), 9(2), 17(3), 25(4), 33(5), 41(6), 49(7), 57(8), and 61(9)

 Some hard point ruling visible; prickings in margins No illumination; first two lines, select words, and some punctuation in red; text in black ink

Dark goatskin over heavy pasteboard(?)

 18th century CE Ethiopia Made in north central Ethiopia, eighteenth century, for Gäbrä Giyorgis (fols. 14v, 20v, 24r, and passim) Joseph Dietrich (Alexandria, VA) Mr. Gene Guerny (obtained from Joseph Dietrich) Gift of Gene Guerny, 1997 Relevant Works Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Bandlet of Righteousness. London, 1922. See this for Lǝfafä Ṣǝdq (Bandlet of Righteousness). Euringer, Sebastian. "Die Binde der Rechtfertigung," Orientalia, NS vol. IX (1940), pp. 76-99, and 244-259. See this for Lǝfafä Ṣǝdq (Bandlet of Righteousness). Fusella, L. "Mangada Samay," in Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa, vol. II (1968-70), pp. 254-258. See this for Mängädä Sämay (Prayer for Journey to Heaven). Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book Christian Codex Manuscript Walters Art Museum Devotion Prayer book Ethiopia Ethiopian 18th century