Walters Ms. W.87, Incomplete Book of Hours Hours of the Virgin Office of the Dead Communion Prayer Book of Hours Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Valle, Chiara Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

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 This Book of Hours was made ca. 1310-20, likely in Ghent. It was badly rebound with a sixteenth-century Flemish binding by Léon Gruel in Paris at the end of the nineteenth or early twentieth century, and the initials of Gruel and Engelmann are printed on the bookplate on the front pastedown. The manuscript lacks its calendar, and the text is incomplete and misbound. In the fourteenth century a prayer for Communion, written in French, was added at the end of the book. Initials in gold, blue and pink mark the divisions of the text. The manuscript is richly illuminated with drolleries; painted on the borders of each folio, they would have amused the reader with their playful animals, hybrids, and human figures. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.87 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Old (842-ca.1400). 1r - 112r Book of Hours Domine Dominus Noster Incomplete; calendar is missing; all sections misbound 1r - 80v Hours of the Virgin Use unidentifiable; text incomplete and misbound; content reconstructed by Judith Oliver as follows: fols. 2-4, 1, 28, and 71: Matins; fols. 38-40: Lauds; fol. 5: Prime (?); fols. 8, 7, 10, and 29r-v: Terce, , ending with rubric for Sext; fols. 25, and 33: None; fols. 52, 58, 53-56: Vespers; fols. 75-79, 80r-v: Compline 87r - 112r Office of the Dead Fols. 81r-83r: Psalm 6; fols. 83v, 86r-v: Psalm 12; fols. 84r-v: Psalm 66; fols. 85r-v: Psalm 149; fols. 87r-88v: Lesson 1; fols. 88v-90r: Lesson 2; fols. 90r-98r: Lesson 3; fols. 98r-v: Lesson 4; gap after fol. 98v; fols. 99r-v: end of Lesson 5; fols. 99v-112r: Lesson 6 112v - 112v Communion Prayer Early addition: communion prayer, French translation of "Dominus non sum dignus"

Thin to medium-weight parchment, well prepared on both sides; trimmed at the top, bottom, and fore-edge, as evinced by drolleries and catchwords which are sometimes cropped; modern parchment flyleaves

 Foliation: i+112+i10.2 6.7 5.0 4.7 Modern pencil foliation upper-right corners, rectos

Undetermined; mainly individual leaves, hook-guarded or tipped out of order; tight binding restricts the view Catchwords cropped at the bottom, written at lower right on fols. 19v, 48v, 67v, 72v, 93v, and 105v

Ruled in lead Drolleries throughout; initials in gold, pink and blue for divisions of the text Textura formata Text in well-formed textura formata, with major medial pauses marked by punctus elevatus, and final pauses by punctus or unmarked Drolleries throughout; initials in gold, pink and blue for divisions of the text Illuminated initials in gold on blue or pink ground (2 lines) for major divisions; secondary divisions (1 line); either lower or top margins of each folio depicts drolleries with fanciful animals, hybrids, humans; overtly religious imagery is rare (for example the Holy Face on fol. 64v); initials on fols. 62r, 67v, 76v, and 79r contain heads; line fillers with geometric motifs or beast head in blue and pink on gold ground; rubrics in red; text in dark brown ink Image of the Holy Face Hours of the Virgin Marginalia Pelican wounding chest to feed young with her blood Hours of the Virgin Marginalia

Sixteenth-century brown calf binding; rebacked in the nineteenth-twentieth century by Léon Gruel; front and back boards are stamped with framing fillets; two vertical bands at the center are inhabited by six animals within vine spirals; on front and back boards an inscription around the central panels writes "DEUS DET / NOBIS SUA[M] PACE[M] ET / POST MORTE[M] / VITA[M] ETERNA[M] AMEN," spine rounded and backed; yellow formerly on the edges has been scraped; a comparable binding layout with inscription and panels with pairs of animals is signed by the Flemish binder Iohannes Bosscaert on a book printed in 1526 (Weale 1894, no. 416)

 Ca. 1310-20 CE Flanders (Ghent?) Created ca. 1310-20, likely in Ghent Léon Gruel, Paris, nineteenth-twentieth century; his bookplate engraved G E (Gruel and Engelmann) front pastedown inscribed "no. 1019" Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1895 and 1931; ex libris on front flyleaf recto Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Weale, William H. J. Bookbindings and Rubbings of Bindings in the National Art Library South Kensington Museum. Vol. 2. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1894; pp. 194-5, cat. no. 416 **see for binding comparison De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 783, cat. no. 161. Randall, Lilian M. C. Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966; p. 38, figs. 107, 436. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 72-74, cat. no. 224. Manion, Margaret M. The Felton Illuminated Manuscripts in the National Gallery of Victoria. Melbourne, Australia: Macmillan Art Publishing and the National Gallery of Victoria, 2005; p. 375 (n. 22). Dillon, Emma. "Representing Obscene Sound." In Medieval Obscenities, edited by Nicola McDonald, 55-84. Woodbridge, Suffolk: York Medieval Press, 2006; p. 75. Wirth, Jean, and Isabelle Engammare. Les marges à drôleries des manuscrits gothiques, 1250-1350. Geneva: Librairie Droz, 2008; 234. Art Medicine Museum Poetry Script Muhammad, the Prophet Kashmiri Horses Walters Art Museum Document Astrology Devotion History Legal Literature -- Poetry Literature -- Prose Liturgy Philosophy Science Science -- Medicine Scripture Sufism Theology Mineralogy Logic Geography Geomancy Cosmology Cartography Fortune-telling Koran Qur`an Firman Palimpsest Prayer Bible Gospels Psalter Missal Lectionary Book of Hours Antiphonary Homilary Processional Horologion Breviary Hymnal Chronicle Maghreb Sub-Saharan (West) Africa Turkey Afghanistan Central Asia Egypt England India Iran Iraq Pakistan Germany France Austria Netherlands Ethiopia Armenia Flanders Greece Mamluk Mughal Ottoman Ottonian Armenian Byzantine Abbasid Qajar Rajput Christian Arabic Austrian Dutch Egyptian Fatimid German Indian Islamic Persian Safavid Timurid Turkish Umayyad English French Flemish Ethiopian Carolingian Calligraphy Colophon Headpiece Illumination Illustration Medallion Miniature Ornament Painting Early Abbasid script Ragini Romanesque Gothic Watermark Grotesques Historiated initial Inhabited initial White-vine lettering Textura Batarda Humanistic Uncial Accordion book Album Book Codex Manuscript Heraldry Saint's Life Drawing Grisaille Binding New Abbasid style Musical notation Russia Romania Charter Russian Genealogy Mass book Prayer book Gospel Lectionary Psalter-Hours Treatise Grammar Gloss Pontifical Private devotional text Gradual Protective scroll Scroll 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 8th century 9th century Block book Caroline minuscule Central Arab lands (Near East) Chart English secretary hand Kufic Gothic book hand Original binding Treasure binding Gospel Book Spanish Spain Italian Italy Coptic Scrapbook American United States Maryland Historical Society Friendship book Friendship Biography Judaism Talmud Liturgical Devotional Scriptural Theological Legal Historical Scientific Scientific -- Medical Literary -- Prose Literary -- Poetry Philosophical Astrological Sufi English Book of Hours Christian Flemish Binding Book Codex Grotesques Illumination Manuscript Walters Art Museum Flanders 14th century Devotion Inhabited initial Ornament