Walters Ms. W.90, Book of Hours Calendar Prefatory image cycle Hours of the Virgin Long Hours of the Cross Long Hours of the Holy Spirit Commendation of Souls Office of the Dead Prayer to the Virgin Athanasian Creed Litany, petitions, and collects Book of Hours Principal cataloger Randall, Lilian M.C. Cataloger Shartrand, Emily Editor Herbert, Lynley Copy editor Dibble, Charles Contributor Emery, Doug Contributor Herbert, Lynley Contributor Noel, William Contributor Schuele, Allyson Contributor Sedovic, Katherine Contributor Tabritha, Ariel Contributor Toth, Michael B. Contributor Wiegand, Kimber Conservator Owen, Linda Conservator Quandt, Abigail The Walters Art Museum

Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.

 This Book of Hours was produced in the early fourteenth century in northeast France. The contents of the calendar suggest a Use of Saint-Omer, which was in the diocese of Thérouanne. The presence of a female figure kneeling in prayer accompanying the Pentecost suggests that the manuscript was made for a female owner. The calendar contains marginal illumination with the labors of the months and the zodiac symbols. There are seven full-page miniatures depicting scenes from the book of Genesis, unusually contained within architectural settings. Twenty-four historiated initials, initials decorated with human heads, and an abundance of marginal figures makes this manuscript exceptionally charming. Baltimore The Walters Art Museum W.90 The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. 2r - 253r Book of Hours 2v - 14v Calendar Januarius Calendar full, graded in red and brown; selection of saints indicates Use of Saint-Omer; saints of note are Austraberta (Feb. 10), Livin (Feb. 13, typically Nov. 12) Valeric (Apr. 1), Erkembodo (Apr. 12, relics at Saint-Omer), Ragnulf (May 27), Audomar (Jun. 8, translation), Wulmar (Jun. 17), Benedict (Jul. 2, commemoration), Bertin (Jul. 16, translation), Kenelm (Jul. 17), Cutuliani confessor (Jul. 18, Catulinus[?]), Louis (Aug. 25), Bertin (Sep. 5), Audomar (Sep. 9, octave Sep. 16), Dionysius (Oct. 9), Venantius (Oct. 2), Dedicatio ecclesie sancti audomari (Oct. 17), Audomar (Oct. 21, invention), Winnoc (Nov. 6), Cunibert (Nov. 12), Brictius (Nov. 13), Benedict (Dec. 3, translation), Nicolas (Dec. 6) 15r - 21v Prefatory image cycle 22r - 90r Hours of the Virgin Domine labia mea For Use of Saint-Omer; Lauds-Compline contain rubrics in Latin and French 91r - 134r Long Hours of the Cross ...[ini]micus meus super me Text begins imperfectly at Matins; blank spaces left for rubrics at canonical divisions; fol. 134v left blank 135r - 162v Long Hours of the Holy Spirit Domine labia mea Canonical divisions rubricated in French and Latin 163r - 194v Commendation of Souls ...subvenite sancti dei Section begins imperfectly, first page missing 194v - 241r Office of the Dead Placebo domino in regione vivorum Dilexi quoniam exaudiet dominus Text for Dominican use 241v - 244r Prayer to the Virgin O intemerata et in eternum benedicta singularis 244r - 248r Athanasian Creed Quicumque vult salvus esse 248r - 253v Litany, petitions, and collects Kyrieeleyson Saints chosen indicate Use of Saint-Omer: fols. 248r-251r: Litany, includes eleven martyrs; thirteen confessors such as Nicolas, Eligius, Aegydius, Amandus, Bertin, Audomar; thirteen virgins, widows, and continentes such as Gertrude, Walburga; fols. 251r-252v: petitions; fols. 252v-253v: collects, with responsories, concludes with prayer "Ego dixi domine miserere mei...."; fol. 154r-v: blank and ruled

Thin to medium-weight, well-prepared parchment; flyleaves at beginning and end as well as pastedowns are modern marbleized paper

 Foliation: i+254+i13.0 9.3 6.3 3.8 Modern pencil foliation, upper right corners rectos

Quire 1: 8, with the first folio added (fols. 1-9); Quire 2: 6, with the sixth folio likely cancelled (fols. 10-14); Quire 3: 8, lacking second folio (fols. 15-21); Quires 4-11: 8 (fols. 22-85); Quire 12: 6, lacking sixth folio (fols. 86-90); Quires 13-17: 8 (fols. 91-130); Quire 18: 4 (fols. 131-134); Quires 19-21: 8 (fols. 135-158); Quire 22: 8, lacking fifth folio (fols. 159-165); Quires 23-31: 8 (fols. 166-237); Quire 32: 4 (fols. 238-241); Quire 33: 8 (fols. 242-249); Quire 34: 4, with fifth folio added (fols. 250-254) None Added at a later binding, lower right, versos (eg. fol. 29v)

Ruled in lead; quire 4 ruled in brown ink; layout does not apply to calendar; 5 columns, 16 lines Textura; calendar and main text probably by different hand Marginal illustrations with twelve labors on versos and zodiac on rectos Seven full-page miniatures with scenes from Genesis Historiated initials fols. 22r, 48v, 61v, 67v, 71v, 75r, 78v, and 86r Historiated initials fols. 100r, 106v, 109v, 114v, 119v, 126r, and 130r Historiated initials fols. 135r, 144v, 148v, 151r, 153r, 155r, 157r, and 160r Historiated initial fol. 194v, in some places blank space left for rubrics Seven full-page miniatures; twenty-four historiated initials (8 lines); calendar has twelve labors (on versos) and zodiac (on rectos); decorated initials used for "KL" in calendar: red, blue, and gold, (3 lines); secondary text divisions: initials filled with human heads or grotesques (2 lines); versals in blue, rose, and gold (1 line); borders contain foliate decoration as well as extensive drolleries: animals, humans, and hybrids; occasional rubrics in red; text in dark brown ink Labors of the Months: two-faced man (Janus) feasting Calendar: January Marginal illumination Zodiac: Aquarius Calendar: January Marginal Illumination Labors of the Months: warming by the fire Calendar: February Marginal illumination Zodiac: Pisces Calendar: February Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: man pruning Calendar: March Marginal illumination Zodiac: Aries Calendar: March Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: youth holding branches Calendar: April Marginal illumination Zodiac: Taurus Calendar: April Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: falconer Calendar: May Marginal illumination Zodiac: Gemini Calendar: May Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: carrying bundles of sticks Calendar: June Marginal illumination Zodiac: Cancer Calendar: June Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: mowing with a scythe Calendar:July Marginal illumination Zodiac: Leo Calander: July Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: reaping Calendar: August Marginal illumination Zodiac: Virgo Calendar: August Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: harvesting grapes Calendar: September Marginal illumination Zodiac: Libra Calendar: September Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: sowing Calendar: October Marginal illumination Zodiac: Scorpio Calendar: October Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: feeding pigs Calendar: November Marginal illumination Zodiac: Sagittarius Calendar: November Marginal illumination Labors of the Months: slaughtering a pig Calendar: December Marginal illumination Zodiac: Capricorn Calendar: December Marginal illumination God Creates the Heavens Genesis Full-page miniature God Creates the Earth Genesis Full-page miniature God Creates the Animals Genesis Full-page miniature God Creates Adam Genesis Full-page miniature God Creates Eve from Adam Genesis Full-page miniature Temptation of Adam and Eve Genesis Full-page miniature Day of Rest Genesis Full-page miniature

God in Majesty

 Initial "D" with the Annunciation Matins Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Historiated initial much larger then throughout rest of book; woman dancing and man playing a horn in the right margin

 Initial "D" with the Visitation Lauds Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Nativity Prime Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Annunciation to the Shepherds Terce Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

knight on horseback directing lance towards the backside of an ape in lower margin

 Initial "D" with the Presentation at the Temple Sext Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Adoration of the Magi None Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Two ape-like creatures jousting on horseback in lower margin

 Initial "D" with the Massacre of the Innocents Vespers Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Knight on horseback attacks ape with a sword in lower margin

 Initial "C" with the Flight into Egypt Compline Historiated initial "C," 8 lines

Man on horseback with spear in lower-right margin

 Initial "D" with Christ before Pilate Lauds Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Man hunting a stag with a bow and arrow in lower margin

 Initial "D" with the Flagellation Prime Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Christ carrying Cross Terce Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Crucifixion with Virgin, St. John Evangelist, Stephaton, and Longinus Sext Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Deposition None Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Birds perching on a rope held taught by an ape in lower margin

 Initial "D" with the Entombment and Anointing Vespers Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Resurrection Compline Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Pentecost Matins Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Female manuscript owner in prayer in right margin with men playing music in lower and lower-right margins

 Initial "D" with the Martyrdom of St. Peter Lauds Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with the Martyrdom of St. Paul Prime Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Knight clubbing a hare in left margin mirroring martyrdom of St. Paul

 Initial "D" with St. James Terce Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Musicians in right margin and man attacking a snail with a spear in lower margin

 Initial "D" with the Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew Sext Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Shirtless bishop walking on stilts in right margin

 Initial "D" with the Martyrdom of St. John the Evangelist None Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Two knights jousting in lower margin

 Initial "D" with St. Judas Thaddeus Vespers Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Crowned musician in right margin

 Initial "D" with St. John Baptist Compline Historiated initial "D," 8 lines Initial "D" with a funeral service Historiated initial "D," 8 lines

Demons dragging sinners to hell and carting them in a wheelbarrow in lower margin; angel holding nimbed soul in upper-left margin, hooded, white figure carrying coffin in right margin

Eighteenth-century French binding in the style of Derome; dark green goat leather that has turned brown; board-edges, turn-ins, and spine have gilt decoration; initials of previous owner "J. L." in gold on upper-board added in second half of the nineteenth century; title inscribed on spine "Ofici B. Mariae".

 Early 14th century CE Northeast France (French Flanders) Created in northeast France (French Flanders) in the early fourteenth century; portrait of female patron on fol. 135r, her association with the Dominican foundation suggested by Office of the Dead. Seventeenth-century owner believed to be Spanish based on the brown ink inscription "252 fojas escritas" found on back flyleaf i, v Front pastedown contains round ticket with scalloped edges that has not been identified, inscribed with "4366" Rebound in the second half of the eighteenth century in France; "J. L." monogram added to cover in second half of the nineteenth century Lionel Harris, London, owned until 1911 Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Lionel Harris in 1911, according to letter by William Voelkle, "Brought to the Gallery by Mr. Walters, Oct. 1, 1911" Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest Relevant Works Stones, Alison. "Notes on Three Illuminated Alexander Manuscripts." The Medieval Alexander Legend and Romance Epic: Essays in Honor of David J.A. Ross. Edited by P. Noble, L. Polak, and C.C. Isoz, 193-241. Millwood, NY: Kraus International Publication, 1982; pp. 205, 206. Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1958; 401, PL. vii-14c. Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Boucicaut Master. London: Phaidon Press, ltd., 1968; p. 117 (fig. 568). Scheiber, Sandor. A Májmuni Kódex. Budapest: Magyar Helikon, 1980; pp. 27, 29, 32 (n. 36), fig. 13. De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 783, cat. no. 168. Stones, Allison. "Illustrations of the French Prose Lancelot in Flanders, Belgium, and Paris, 1250-1340." PhD Diss., University of London, 1970; pp. 165, 167, 181, 182, 185, 186, 227, 449, 450, 497, 512-517. Hamburger, J. "The Rothschild Canticles (Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library MS 404): Art and Mysticism in Flanders and the Rhineland ca. 1300." PhD Diss., Yale University (1987); pp. 73-78, 80, 83, figs. 91-92. Owens, M.B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." Ph.D. diss, University of Chicago, 1987; pp. 372-373. Shailor, Barbara A. Catalogue of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscripts Library, Yale University. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, vol. 48. Birmingham, NY: State University of New York Press, 1987; pp. 286-293. Stones, Alison. "Another Short Notice on Rylands French 1." In Romanesque and Gothic: Essays for George Zarnecki. Edited by N. Stratford. Bury St. Edmunds: Boydell Press, 1987; p. 191. Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 1, France, 875-1420. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 138-142, cat. no. 54. Van Buren, Anne H. "Die Künstler der ersten Kampagne," "Artists of the First Campaign," and "Les artistes de la première campagne." In Heures de Turin-Milan, Vol. 2. Edited by Anne H. van Buren, James H. Marrow, and Silvana Pettenati, 71-88, 275-288, 462-478. Lucerne: Faksimile Verlag, 1996; pp. 81 (as Stundenbach aus Saint-Omer), 87 (n. 51), 283 (as Book of Hours from Saint-Omer), 288 (n. 51), 471 (as Livre d'heures de Saint-Omer (n. 51). Smeyers, Mauritius. Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the mid-16th Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999; p. 133 (fig. 32), 172. Higgitt, John. The Murthly Hours: Devotion, Literacy and Luxury in Paris, England and the Gaelic West. London: The British Library, 2000; p. 184. Joslin, Mary Coker, and Carolyn Coker Joslin Watson. The Egerton Genesis. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001; 176, 222. Bennett, Adelaide. "Continuity and Change in the Religious Book Culture of the Lowlands in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 167-179. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; 176. Nevins, Teresa. "Book of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; pp. 228-229, cat. no. 50., p.. 237, cat. no. 54. Śnieżyńska-Stolotowa, Ewa. Astrological Iconography in the Middle Ages: The Decanal Planets. Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 2003; pp. 38-39, 76. Gathercole, Patricia M. The Depiction of Angels and Demons in Medieval French Manuscript Illumination. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004; p. 80. Gil, Marc, and Ludovic Nys. Saint-Omer gothique: les arts figuratifs à Saint-Omer à la fin du Moyen Âge, 1250-1550 : peinture, vitrail, sculpture, arts du livre. Valenciennes Cedex: Presses Universitaires de Valenciennes, 2004; p. 75. Stones, Alison. "The Full-Page Miniatures of the Psalter Hours New York, PML, ms M. 729." In The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose, and Placement of Its Images. Edited by Frank O. Büttner, 281-308. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004; p. 285. Marrow, James H., Brigitte Dekeyzer, and Jan Van Der Stock. Pictorial Invention in the Netherlandish Manuscript Illumination of the Late Middle Ages: The Play of Illusion and Meaning. Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2005; pp. 7, 11, 35 (n. 24). Bennett, Adelaide. "Christ''s Five Wounds in the Aves of the Vita Christi in a Book of Hours about 1300."In Tributes in Honor of James H. Marrow Studies in Painting and Manuscript Illumination of the Late Middle Ages and Northern Renaissance. Edited by Jeffrey F. Hamburger and A.S. Korteweg, 75-84. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2006; p. 82 (n. 12). McQuillen, John T. "Who Was St. Thomas of Lancaster? New Manuscript Evidence." In Fourteenth Century England, Volume 4. Edited by J.S. Hamilton, 1-25. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2006; pp. 3, 4-5 (n. 15). Oliver, Judith H. "Te Matrem Laudamus:The Many Roles of Mary in a Liège Psalter Hours in Cambridge." In The Cambridge Illuminations: the Conference Papers. Edited by Stella Panayotova, 159-172. Washington, D.C.: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2007; p. 161. Scheller, Robert W. "Wreath and Crown: Variations and Changes in Apocalyptic Headgear." In The Cambridge illuminations: the conference papers. Edited by Stella Panayotova, 87-96. Washington, D.C.: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2007; p. 89. Wirth, Jean, and Isabelle Engammare. Les marges à drôleries des manuscrits gothiques, 1250-1350. Geneva: Librairie Droz, 2008; pp. 209, 224, 274, 297, 344. Roux, Brigitte. Mondes en miniatures: l'iconographie du Livre du trésor de Brunetto Latini. Paris: Libraire Droz, 2009; pp. 372, 389, 420. Dillon, Emma. The Sense of Sound: Musical Meaning in France, 1260-1330. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012; pp. 208-212, figs. 6.12, 6.13. Newman, Barbara. "Contemplating the Trinity: Text, Image, and Origin of the Rothschild Canticles." Gesta:52 (2013), 131-159; p. 133. 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